Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding

Hill, Paul F.; King, Danielle R.; Rugg, Michael D.

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa210

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Using this method, we have previously determined that the pattern driving age differences in neural selectivity during first encoding resembled neural broadening (Kobelt et al, 2021). This finding is also in line with several other studies which established neural broadening during encoding (Hill et al, 2021;J. Park et al, 2012; but see .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Since this seminal work by J. Park and colleagues (2012), only few studies have investigated these intricacies and those yielded mixed evidence: There has been evidence for neural broadening (Hill et al, 2021;Kobelt et al, 2021), neural attenuation , and a combination of both (Carp et al, 2011). Importantly, all of the studies quantified neural dedifferentiation based solely on data from memory encoding tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Age-related declines in neural selectivity manifest differentially during encoding and recognition”

Pauley

Sommer²,

Kobelt³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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One important factor contributing to age-related memory decline is the loss of distinctiveness with which information is represented in brain activity. This loss in neural selectivity may be driven by neural attenuation (i.e., reduced activation to target stimuli) or neural broadening (i.e., increased activation to non-target stimuli). In this fMRI study, we assessed age differences in neural selectivity during first encoding, repeated encoding, and recognition, as well as the underlying pattern (broadening versus attenuation). We found lower neural selectivity in older compared to younger adults during all memory stages. Crucially, while reduced selectivity in older adults was due to neural broadening during first encoding, it was driven by neural attenuation during recognition, but revealed no clear pattern during repeated encoding. Our findings suggest that intrinsic differences between memory stages may interact with neural activity to manifest as either neural broadening or attenuation. Moreover, despite these differential patterns, neural selectivity was highly correlated across memory stages, indicating that one common mechanism may underly distinct expressions of age-related neural dedifferentiation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Age-related declines in neural selectivity manifest differentially during encoding and recognition”

Pauley

Sommer²,

Kobelt³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…During acquisition trials, both older adults and younger adults showed a comparable decrement in the accuracy of the placed target when tested from a new start location, although older adults showed consistently lower precision in their memory for the targets from both same and new start points. This suggests that at least some of the older adult decrements in spatial precision occurred during encoding (Hill et al, 2020). During delayed probe trials, by which time older and younger adults had multiple experiences approaching the target from the same locations, both groups performed numerically better when approaching from a novel start point than a previously learned one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Older Adults Show Reduced Spatial Precision but Preserved Strategy-Use During Spatial Navigation Involving Body-Based Cues

McAvan

Oyao

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Older adults typically perform worse on spatial navigation tasks, although whether this is due to degradation of memory or an impairment in using specific strategies has yet to be determined. An issue with some past studies is that older adults are tested on desktop-based virtual reality: a technology many report lacking familiarity with. Even when controlling for familiarity, these paradigms reduce the information-rich, three-dimensional experience of navigating to a simple two-dimensional task that utilizes a mouse and keyboard (or joystick) as means for ambulation. Here, we utilize a wireless head-mounted display and free ambulation to create a fully immersive virtual Morris water maze in which we compare the navigation of older and younger adults. Older and younger adults learned the locations of hidden targets from same and different start points. Across different conditions tested, older adults remembered target locations less precisely compared to younger adults. Importantly, however, they performed comparably from the same viewpoint as a switched viewpoint, suggesting that they could generalize their memory for the location of a hidden target given a new point of view. When we implicitly moved one of the distal cues to determine whether older adults used an allocentric (multiple landmarks) or beaconing (single landmark) strategy to remember the hidden target, both older and younger adults showed comparable degrees of reliance on allocentric and beacon cues. These findings support the hypothesis that while older adults have less precise spatial memories, they maintain the ability to utilize various strategies when navigating.

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“…In light of prior research indicating that the strength of cortical reinstatement covaries with the amount and fidelity of retrieved content (e.g. Gordon et al, 2014;Hill et al, 2020;Johnson et al, 2009;Thakral et al, 2015;Trelle et al, 2020), exploratory multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between scene reinstatement effects and memory performance. The initial models employed age group, reinstatement indices (separately for each ROI and retrieval task), and the age group-by-reinstatement interaction terms as predictors of memory performance.…”

Section: Relationship Between Scene Reinstatement and Memory Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These analyses were motivated by prior research demonstrating that the strength of reinstatement covaries with the amount of retrieved information (e.g. Gordon et al, 2014;Hill et al, 2020;Johnson et al, 2009;Thakral et al, 2015;Trelle et al, 2020). In the younger cohort, PPA reinstatement in the background task was positively correlated with memory for scenes, as well as with item memory across both retrieval tasks.…”

Section: Relationship Between Cortical Reinstatement and Memory Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age on goal-dependent modulation of episodic memory retrieval

Srokova

Hill

Elward

et al. 2021

Neurobiology of Aging

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Retrieval gating refers to the ability to modulate the retrieval of features of a single memory episode according to behavioral goals. Recent findings demonstrate that younger adults engage retrieval gating by attenuating the representation of task-irrelevant features of an episode. Here, we examine whether retrieval gating varies with age. Younger and older adults incidentally encoded words superimposed over scenes or scrambled backgrounds that were displayed in one of three spatial locations. Participants subsequently underwent fMRI as they completed two memory tasks: the background task, which tested memory for the word's background, and the location task, testing memory for the word's location. Employing univariate and multivariate approaches, we demonstrated that younger, but not older adults, exhibited attenuated reinstatement of scene information when it was goal-irrelevant (during the location task). Additionally, in younger adults only, the strength of scene reinstatement in the parahippocampal place area during the background task was related to item and source memory performance. Together, these findings point to an agerelated decline in the ability to engage retrieval gating.

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Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding

Cited by 39 publications

References 69 publications

“Age-related declines in neural selectivity manifest differentially during encoding and recognition”

“Age-related declines in neural selectivity manifest differentially during encoding and recognition”

Older Adults Show Reduced Spatial Precision but Preserved Strategy-Use During Spatial Navigation Involving Body-Based Cues

Effects of age on goal-dependent modulation of episodic memory retrieval

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