Age differences in response selection for pure and mixed stimulus–response mappings and tasks

Vu, Kim‐Phuong L.; Proctor, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.04.006

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An ANOVA was conducted on the RTs for the task repeat trials only, with mixing condition as a between-subjects factor (three levels), and blocks (eight), SE (two), and preceding congruency (two) as withinsubjects factors. The SE was clearly significant [F(1,43) It is remarkable that, also here, the SE did not reverse in the incompatible condition, which is in contrast to most other similar studies Vu & Proctor, 2008).…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…This was not the case in the present study, where we found an overall decrease of the SE only in the mixed incompatible condition. The difference between their results and ours cannot be explained by a frequency effect (50% location-relevant trials in , as compared with only 33% in the present setup), because a strong reversal was also found by Vu and Proctor (2008), where 33% location relevant trials also were used. As was explained before, stimulus eccentricity may be the factor responsible for this difference.…”

Section: Author Notecontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Our data therefore support the suggestion of these authors that LTM links that cause the regular SE have been overlearned and, therefore, their strength cannot be further increased. With incompatible practice, the effect was strongly reduced, and even reversals of the SE have been observed (Proctor & Lu, 1999;Tagliabue et al, 2000;Vu & Proctor, 2008). Importantly, we found that the reduction after incompatible practice persisted over 800 location-irrelevant trials.…”

Section: Short-and Long-term Memory Linksmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect

Soetens¹,

Maetens²,

Zeischka³

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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People react more quickly and more accurately to stimuli presented in locations corresponding to the response, as compared with noncorresponding locations, even when stimulus location is irrelevant (Simon effect [SE]). The explanation that SEs are caused by the automatic priming of a corresponding response has been questioned, because of the many exceptions to the effect. We replicated practice-induced and sequential modulations of the SE in two experiments-first, by training participants with blocks of location-relevant stimuli, and second, by mixing location-relevant and location-irrelevant trials. The decrease of the SE with incompatible training was relatively permanent in the blocked experiment, whereas the effect was temporary in the mixed experiment. The difference was caused by a more permanent reversal of the SE after incongruent trials, showing that sequential modulations depend on long-term practice effects. We suggest that there is a formation of a contralateral longterm memory stimulus-response link in blocked conditions and that short-term and long-term memory links are primed by preceding events.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Author Notecontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Short-and Long-term Memory Linksmentioning

confidence: 49%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect

Soetens¹,

Maetens²,

Zeischka³

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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“…In Experiment 2, Castel et al also tested Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and the results were similar to those for healthy older adults: The Simon effect of mild AD patients increased over time. In contrast to these studies showing a positive slope for older adults' Simon effect functions, for the standard color Simon task, Proctor, Pick, Vu, and Anderson (2005) and Vu and Proctor (2008) found a decrease of the Simon effect across RT bins for healthy older adults that was not significantly different from that for younger adults. These results suggest that the difficulty in ignoring/suppressing activation from irrelevant stimulus location evidenced by older adults in other studies may be a consequence of the relevant stimulus dimension also conveying spatial information.…”

Section: Decreasing Functions For Bimanual Keypresses To Visual Left-mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For studies in which keypresses were made with the left and right index fingers to lateralized stimuli of one of two colors, the Simon effect has typically been largest at the shortest one or two RT bins and then decreased across the remaining bins, as in De Jong et al's (1994) study (e.g., Kubo-Kawai & Kawai, 2010;Proctor, Yamaguchi, Zhang, & Vu, 2009, location control condition of Experiment 1; Vu & Proctor, 2008, pure Simon effect condition of Experiment 2). For example, in Proctor et al's (2009) study, the Simon effect for the location control condition was approximately 35 ms at the first of 4 RT bins and decreased to slightly less than 0 ms at the longest RT bin.…”

Section: Distributional Analyses Of the Simon Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction time distribution analysis of spatial correspondence effects

2011

Self Cite

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Since 1994, group reaction time (RT) distribution analyses of spatial correspondence effects have been used to evaluate the dynamics of the spatial Simon effect, a benefit of correspondence of stimulus location information with response location for tasks in which stimulus location is irrelevant. We review the history and justification for analyzing group RT distributions and clarify which conditions result in the Simon effect decreasing across the distribution and which lead to flat or increasing functions. Although the standard left-right Simon effect typically yields a function for which the effect decreases as RT increases, in most other task variations, the Simon effect remains stable or increases across the RT distribution. Studies that have used other means of evaluating the temporal dynamics of the Simon effect provide converging evidence that the changes in the Simon effect across the distribution are due mainly to temporal activation properties, an issue that has been a matter of some dispute.Keywords Correspondence effects . Delta plots . Simon effect . Stimulus-response compatibility . Time course of processing In the late 1960s and early 1970s, J. R. Simon reported the results of reaction time (RT) studies in which participants made a left or right manual response to a feature of a stimulus (e.g., red-green color of a visual stimulus) presented in a left or a right location (see Fig. 1; see, e.g., Simon & Small, 1969; see Simon, 1990, for a review). RT was shorter when stimulus and response locations corresponded than when they did not, a result called the Simon effect (Hedge & Marsh, 1975). This two-choice task has come to be prototypical, and we refer to it and the resulting Simon effect as standard. The term Simon effect has been extended to include correspondence effects for other irrelevant stimulus dimensions that overlap with, or are similar to, a response dimension (Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990), but we focus on task variations that entail correspondence of spatial information and manual responses.Studies of the Simon effect and related correspondence effects focused on differences in mean RT at first (see Lu & Proctor, 1995), and these differences are still the focal point of a lot of investigations. However, beginning with De Jong, Liang, and Lauber (1994), many authors have also reported analyses of the RT distributions, dividing them into quantiles, or bins, that contain RTs in the range of percentile values (e.g., between the 50th and 60th percentiles) and measuring the Simon effect for each bin. De Jong et al. (1994) found that the Simon effect for visual tasks was largest at the short RT bins and decreased across the distribution. This result has typically been attributed to rapid activation of the response code corresponding to the irrelevant location feature, followed by decrease of that activation. But, this temporal activation account has been debated (e.g., Roswarski & Proctor, 2003;Zhang & Kornblum, 1997), and the pattern of decreasing effect size across the RT di...

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Selection and Control of Action

Proctor

2012

Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Age differences in response selection for pure and mixed stimulus–response mappings and tasks

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect

Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect

Reaction time distribution analysis of spatial correspondence effects

Selection and Control of Action

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