Age Differences in Psychoactive Substance Abuse in Population of the Republic of Belarus

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate chosen aspects of the lifestyle of soccer fans. Methods. The study was conducted among 200 fans. In the study a diagnostic survey was employed, with the use of the techniques of questionnaire, interview, document analysis and participant observation. In order to draw statistical conclusions, the trait frequency, the independence χ 2 test and multiple correspondence analysis were used. Results. The community of active fans is characterized by various kinds of behavior. Fans aged 15-19, for whom important motives for cheering were the opportunity to be with a group and a sense of connectedness, as well as a sense of strength and power, declared consumption of alcoholic beverages before matches. For fans aged 20-24, who more often practiced combat sports and exercised in the gym, an important motive for cheering was the opportunity to meet their friends and let off steam during the match. They regarded devastation of sports facilities and burning scarves as acts of hooliganism. Fans aged 25-29, and 30 or above admitted that they sometimes consumed alcoholic beverages before the game. Conclusions. There is a necessity to educate children and youth in sports cheering.

Ameliorating effects of ethanol extract of root bark of Salacia nitida on blood electrolyte and renal perturbations in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

“…The elevated chloride, urea, and creatinine concentrations recorded in this work in the P. berghei-infected untreated mice in group A are indications of a disorder in renal function (Henderson, 2016). A rise in urea and creatinine levels characterizes pre-renal acute kidney injury (Lelevich, Popechits, 2010). The raised serum urea level seen in this work might result from the increase in catabolic processes of protein as a result of malaria infections or fever.…”

The Conditions of Practicing Association Football by Women

“…In 2013 the under-17 female Polish national team won the gold medal at the European Championships (http://www.90minut.pl). Nevertheless, matches played by male teams are attended by crowds of fans, sometimes also stadium hooligans (Sahaj, 2012;Brzana, Nowak, Nowak, 2016), while women's games take place with nearly empty stands (Jakubowska, 2009). …”