Age Differences in Backward Monoptic Visual Noise Masking

Kline, Donald W.; Szafran, Jacek

doi:10.1093/geronj/30.3.307

Cited by 62 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Consistent with this, the current results show that firsttarget accuracy is worst at the shortest SOA (66 ms), improving as the SOA increases to 100 and 133 ms; this is true both for the younger and older adults. There is also evidence in the literature that visual masking is stronger in older adults and that the effects of masking persist with longer periods of time between the stimulus and the mask (Di Lollo, Arnett, & Kruk, 1982;Kline & Birren, 1975;Kline & Szafran, 1975;Walsh, 1982). This increase in the strength and duration of masking may underlie the reduced first-target identification accuracy observed for the older adults.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the time course of attentional focusing in older adults

Jefferies

Roggeveen

Enns

et al. 2013

Psychological Research

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Many sensory and cognitive changes accompany normal ageing, including changes to visual attention. Several studies have investigated age-related changes in the control of attention to specific locations (spatial orienting), but it is unknown whether control over the distribution or breadth of attention (spatial focus) also changes with age. In the present study, we employed a dual-stream attentional blink task and assessed changes to the spatial distribution of attention through the joint consequences of temporal lag and spatial separation on second-target accuracy. Experiment 1 compared the rate at which attention narrows in younger (mean age 22.6, SD 4.25) and older (mean age 66.8, SD 4.36) adults. The results showed that whereas young adults can narrow attention to one stream within 133 ms, older adults were unable to do the same within this time period. Experiment 2 showed that older adults can narrow their attention to one stream when given more time (266 ms). Experiment 3 confirmed that age-related changes in retinal illuminance did not account for delayed attentional narrowing in older adults. Considered together, these experiments demonstrate that older adults can narrow their attentional focus, but that they are delayed in initiating this process compared to younger adults. This finding adds to previously reported reductions in attentional dynamics, deficits in inhibitory processes, and reductions in posterior parietal cortex function that accompany normal ageing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the time course of attentional focusing in older adults

Jefferies

Roggeveen

Enns

et al. 2013

Psychological Research

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“…Perception of a new signal would, therefore, tend to be slow, and capture of attention by feedback would thus be more likely to occur with repeated signals than with different ones. (3) The time required to form a visual percept has recently been shown to rise with age (Kline and Szafran, 1975;Walsh, 1976)and it may be supposed that, in consequence, the attention of older subjects is more likely than that of younger subjects to be captured by feedback from the response, especially when signals are repeated.…”

Section: Human Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal, Noise, Performance, and Age

Welford

1981

Hum Factors

143

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Ten years ago, it seemed reasonable to summarize two decades of research on the age changes in central mechanisms affecting performance under four main headings: slowing of perception and action, increased disruption of short-term memory by any shift of attention, difficulty in searching material in long-term memory, and difficulty in coping with certain kinds of complexity. Theories under these four headings are reexamined in light of recent findings which imply that older people have a reduced signal-to-noise ratio in the brain but at the same time a spontaneous tendency to adopt strategies which optimize performance. This approach accounts directly for longer times taken in discrimination and some choice reaction tasks, and indirectly for at least some of the greater tendency of older people to monitor their responses. A model is proposed which applies the same approach to memory. In terms of this model, poor performances in both short-and long-term memory are due to failure to transfer items from primary to secondary memory and to the weakness of traces established in long-term memory. The model raises some as yet unanswered questions about the precise manner in which complex relationships between signals and responses are handled.

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“…It has been reported, not only in vision, although the preponderance of the literature concerns that modality, but also in hearing and touch (Coltheart, 1980). Visual persistence lasts longer in older subjects (Amberson, Atkeson, Pollack, & Malatesta, 1979;Brozek & Keys, 1945;Kline & Birren, 1975;Kline & Szafran, 1975;McFarland, Warren, & Karis, 1958;Misiack, 1951). Mundy-Castle (1953) found that the EEG response to photic stimuli is prolonged as age increases.…”

Section: Sensory Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the suprathreshold responses to vibration

Verrillo

1982

Perception & Psychophysics

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The psychophysical responses to vibration of two age groups (22 or 25 and 66 years) were compared for two tasks using suprathreshold levels of vibrotactile stimulation. At a vibration frequency of 25 Hz, the two age groups gave similar curves of subjective magnitude determined by the method of absolute magnitude estimation. At 250 Hz, the curve of the older group showed no recruitment over low levels of intensity. Instead, their magnitude estimates were depressed over the entire range of intensities. Sensory persistence, measured by a matching procedure, was more marked in the older group.The effect of aging upon the absolute detection threshold for vibration has been reported in a number of publications (

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Age Differences in Backward Monoptic Visual Noise Masking

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

On the time course of attentional focusing in older adults

On the time course of attentional focusing in older adults

Signal, Noise, Performance, and Age

Effects of aging on the suprathreshold responses to vibration

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