Age Difference in Morphology and Immunohistology inthe Thymus and Spleen in Crl:CD (SD) Rats

Kodama, Rinya; Okazaki, Takao; Sato, Toshiharu; Iwashige, Shuichiro; Tanigawa, Yohei; Fujishima, Junko; Moriyama, Akira; Yamashita, Nobuyoshi; Sasaki, Yuji; Yoshikawa, Tsuyoshi; Kamimura, Yasuhiro; Maeda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1293/tox.25.55

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Observations in the present studies generally correlated with published information. In a detailed morphometric study of IHC-stained thymus and spleen of rats at 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 19, 23, 46, and 57 weeks of age (Kodama et al 2012), the thymic T-cell population increased markedly from 3 to 4 weeks of age, in advance of the spleen, which correlates with the increase in size of the thymus seen in the present study. In the reported study, both the thymus and the spleen exhibited mature T-and B-cell populations by 9 weeks of age, which correlates with histologic observations in the present study.…”

Section: Thymussupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Observations in the present studies generally correlated with published observations. In a morphometric study of IHC-stained spleens of rats (Kodama et al 2012), the area and cellularity of the white pulp increased postnatally until 9 weeks of age and remained stable thereafter. Lymphoid follicles were not apparent until 3 weeks of age and were clearly visible at 4 weeks of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published information on histologic features of the full extent of the immune system organs is generally sparse, though there is an excellent review of morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining properties of thymus and spleen of rats at 1,2,3,4,9,19,23,46, and 57 weeks of age (Kodama et al 2012). Selected observations from our preliminary study on the histogenesis of immune system organs in the rat were included in other publications (Burns-Naas et al 2008) and was the subject of a satellite symposium of the 2009 annual meeting of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (Weinstock et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Parker¹,

Picut²,

Swanson³

et al. 2015

Toxicol Pathol

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The immune system of the rat undergoes substantial functional and morphological development during the postnatal period. Some aspects of this development are genetically predetermined, while other aspects depend on environmental influences. Detailed information on postnatal development is important in the interpretation of histopathologic findings in juvenile toxicology and pubertal assay studies, as well as other studies conducted in juvenile rats. Studies were conducted to provide detailed characterization of histologic features of the major functional compartments of immune system organs in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at weekly intervals from the day of birth through postnatal day (PND) 42. Maturation of the individual immune system organs occurred across a range of ages, with histologic maturation of T-cell-related compartments typically occurring prior to maturation of B-cell-related compartments. The sequence of histologic maturation was bone marrow and thymus on PND 14, mesenteric lymph node on PND 21, Peyer's patches and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue on PND 28, mandibular lymph node, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, and diffuse mucosal mononuclear cell population of small intestine on PND 35, and spleen on PND 42. An estimation of functional maturation can be made based on the morphological indications of maturity of each compartment of immune system organs, but histologic indications of maturity do not confirm functional immunocompetence.

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Section: Thymussupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Parker¹,

Picut²,

Swanson³

et al. 2015

Toxicol Pathol

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“…The spleen and thymus are the main immune organs of the body. The increase in weight often means that the proliferation of lymphocytes in the body directly reflects the state of immune response [ 36 ]. Thymus is closely linked with development, differentiation, and maturation of T lymphocyte [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Modified Pulsatilla Powder on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101‐Induced Diarrhea in Mice

Zhang

Song

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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MPP can be effective in the treatment of E. coli O101-induced diarrhea in mice. MPP can improve the weight loss caused by diarrhea, increase spleen and thymus indices, and reduce the diarrhea index. MPP can reduce the number of WBC, regulate the level of cytokines, and regulate the intestinal microbial flora. These data suggest that MPP is a promising candidate for treatment of E. coli-induced diarrhea in humans and animals.

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“…Spleen is main immune organ, and spleen coefficients in 10% GOS group was significantly enhanced compared with the untreated group. The proliferation of lymphocytes in the body often induces the increased immune organ weight that directly reflects the state of immune response [ 33 ], suggesting that GOS might promote the proliferation of lymphocytes. The proportional relationship between organ weight and body is required for the valid use of the organ-to-body weight ratio [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannins extract from Galla Chinensis can protect mice from infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101

Song

Yang

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is classically associated with acute secretory diarrhea, which induces 2 million people death in developing countries over a year, predominantly children in the first years of life. Previously, tannins (47.75%) were extracted from Galla Chinensis and prepared as Galla Chinensis oral solution (GOS) which showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Whether the tannins extract were also effective in treatment of ETEC-induced diarrhea was determined in this study. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 22). The mice in the normal and untreated groups were given normal saline. Three GOS-treated groups were received different concentrations of GOS (5, 10 and 15%, respectively) at a dose of 10 mL/kg. Mice in the positive control group were fed with loperamide (10 mg/kg). The treatment with GOS started 3 days before infection with ETEC and continued for 4 consecutive days after infection. On day 3, mice were all infected with one dose of LD50 of ETEC, except those in the normal group. Survival of mice was observed daily and recorded throughout the study. On days 4 and 7, samples were collected from 6 mice in each group. Results GOS could increase the survival rate up to 75%, while in the untreated group it is 43.75%. The body weights of mice treated with 15% GOS were significantly increased on day 7 in comparison with the untreated group and the normal group. GOS-treatment recovered the small intestine coefficient enhanced by ETEC-infection. The diarrhea index of mice treated with GOS was significantly decreased. GOS increased the levels of IgG and sIgA in the terminal ileum and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) in serum. GOS could increase the amount of intestinal probiotics, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. GOS could alleviate colon lesions induced by ETEC-infection. GOS showed higher potency than loperamide. Conclusions GOS could be a promising drug candidate for treating ETEC infections.

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Age Difference in Morphology and Immunohistology inthe Thymus and Spleen in Crl:CD (SD) Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Effect of Modified Pulsatilla Powder on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101‐Induced Diarrhea in Mice

Tannins extract from Galla Chinensis can protect mice from infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101

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