Age-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 and Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophidia: Viperidae)

Arıkan, Hüseyin; Göçmen, Bayram; İğci, Naşit; Akman, Bahadır

doi:10.3906/zoo-1303-17

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with Inoserp Europe having a very complex immunizing mixture (the Vipera species V. ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus , and V. latastei , in addition to the Macrovipera species M. lebetina cernovi, M. schweizeri, M. l. obtusa, M. l. turanica and the Montivipera species M. xanthina ), it displayed the greatest paraspecificity. Consistent with the variation between species and populations within a species observed in this study, previous work using other methods to ascertain variations in other characteristics have similarly reported such variations ( 43 – 47 ). The discrepancy of antivenom neutralizing property on the venom of same species from different locations or within genus is evident in other studies, which is a major issue in antivenom production ( 42 , 48 – 58 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Venom-Induced Blood Disturbances by Palearctic Viperid Snakes, and Their Relative Neutralization by Antivenoms and Enzyme-Inhibitors

et al. 2021

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Palearctic vipers are medically significant snakes in the genera Daboia, Macrovipera, Montivipera, and Vipera which occur throughout Europe, Central Asia, Near and Middle East. While the ancestral condition is that of a small-bodied, lowland species, extensive diversification has occurred in body size, and niche specialization. Using 27 venom samples and a panel of in vitro coagulation assays, we evaluated the relative coagulotoxic potency of Palearctic viper venoms and compared their neutralization by three antivenoms (Insoserp Europe, VIPERFAV and ViperaTAb) and two metalloprotease inhibitors (prinomastat and DMPS). We show that variation in morphology parallels variation in the Factor X activating procoagulant toxicity, with the three convergent evolutions of larger body sizes (Daboia genus, Macrovipera genus, and Vipera ammodytes uniquely within the Vipera genus) were each accompanied by a significant increase in procoagulant potency. In contrast, the two convergent evolutions of high altitude specialization (the Montivipera genus and Vipera latastei uniquely within the Vipera genus) were each accompanied by a shift away from procoagulant action, with the Montivipera species being particularly potently anticoagulant. Inoserp Europe and VIPERFAV antivenoms were both effective against a broad range of Vipera species, with Inoserp able to neutralize additional species relative to VIPERFAV, reflective of its more complex antivenom immunization mixture. In contrast, ViperaTAb was extremely potent in neutralizing V. berus but, reflective of this being a monovalent antivenom, it was not effective against other Vipera species. The enzyme inhibitor prinomastat efficiently neutralized the metalloprotease-driven Factor X activation of the procoagulant venoms. In contrast, DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid), which as been suggested as another potential treatment option in the absence of antivenom, DMPS failed against all venoms tested. Overall, our results highlight the evolutionary variations within Palearctic vipers and help to inform clinical management of viper envenomation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Venom-Induced Blood Disturbances by Palearctic Viperid Snakes, and Their Relative Neutralization by Antivenoms and Enzyme-Inhibitors

et al. 2021

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“…Significant individual differences have been detected in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) content of venom within a south-eastern French V. aspis population (Ferquel et al, 2007). More recently, age-dependent venom variation was described in V. ammodytes and the Caucasus viper (V. kaznakovi) in Turkey (Arikan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variability of venom from the European adder (Vipera berus berus) from one locality in Eastern Hungary

Malina¹,

Krecsák²,

Westerström

et al. 2017

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We have revealed intra-population variability among venom samples from several individual European adders (Vipera berus berus) within a defined population in Eastern Hungary. Individual differences in venom pattern were noticed, both gender-specific and age-related, by one-dimensional electrophoresis. Gelatin zymography demonstrated that these individual venoms have different degradation profiles indicating varying protease activity in the specimens from adders of different ages and genders. Some specimens shared a conserved region of substrate degradation, while others had lower or extremely low protease activity. Phospholipase A activity of venoms was similar but not identical. Interspecimen diversity of the venom phospholipase A-spectra (based on the components' molecular masses) was detected by MALDI-TOF MS. The lethal toxicity of venoms (LD) also showed differences among individual snakes. Extracted venom samples had varying neuromuscular paralysing effect on chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparations. The paralysing effect of venom was lost when calcium in the physiological salt solution was replaced by strontium; indicating that the block of twitch responses to nerve stimulation is associated with the activity of a phospholipase-dependent neurotoxin. In contrast to the studied V. b. berus venoms from different geographical regions so far, this is the first V. b. berus population discovered to have predominantly neurotoxic neuromuscular activity. The relevance of varying venom yields is also discussed. This study demonstrates that individual venom variation among V. b. berus living in particular area of Eastern Hungary might contribute to a wider range of clinical manifestations of V. b. berus envenoming than elsewhere in Europe.

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“…23 Most of the previous studies related to snake venoms in Turkey are polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-based comparisons. 24,25 Recently, snake venom studies aiming to make biological and proteomic characterization have been done. 8,[26][27][28][29][30] This study aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of crude venom extracted from Anatolian M. l. obtusa against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cell line.…”

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Activities of Anatolian Macrovipera Lebetina Obtusa (Dwigubski, 1832) Crude Venom on Cultured K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells.

Süzergöz¹

2016

UHOD

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In the context of searching for anticancer compounds in natural products, snake venom is one of the important sources for peptide/ protein based bioactive molecules. Proteins and peptides with anticancer activity were purified and identified from snake venoms. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Blunt-Nosed Viper) crude venom from southeastern Anatolia against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Adenosine tripohsphate (ATP) assays. Additionally, the apoptosis induction was assessed by morphological evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis for activated caspase-3. For histopahtological evaluation, haematoxylineosin, giemsa and papanicolau stains were used in combination. M. l. obtusa venom showed dose-dependent toxicity against K562 cells after 72 h treatment with different concentrations of crude venom. IC50 values were 0.45 and 0.37 µg/mL for MTT and ATP assays, respectively. Nuclear fragmentation and condensation, apoptotic bodies and activation of caspase-3, as an induction of apoptosis were also observed in K562 cells. Since apoptosis-inducing compounds are important for the treatment of cancer, further studies on Anatolian M. l. obtusa venom could result in the purification and identification of new proteins and peptides, which might have therapeutic value for the treatment of CML. Keywords: Anticancer, Apoptosis, Blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Snake venom ÖZET Anadolu'da Yayılış Gösteren Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Dwigubski, 1832) Zehrinin K562 İnsan Kronik Myeloid Lösemi Hücreleri Üzerinde in vitro Sitotoksik ve Apoptotik Aktiviteleri Doğal ürünlerde antikanser bileşiklerin araştırılması kapsamındaki çalışmalarda kullanılan önemli biyoaktif peptit/protein kaynaklarından biri de yılan zehridir. Yılan zehirlerinden antikanser etkili protein ve peptitler saflaştırılmış ve tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde bulunan Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Koca Engerek) ham zehrinin K562 insan kronik myeloid lösemi (KML) hücreleri üzerinde in vitro sitotokik etkisinin 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) ve Adenosine tripohsphate (ATP) testleri ile belirlenmesidir. Ek olarak, morfolojik değerlendirme ve aktif kaspaz-3 immünohistokimyasal analizi ile zehrin apoptotik etkisi de değerlendirilmiştir. Histopatolojik değerlendirme için hematoksilen-eozin, gimza ve papanikolau boyaları kullanılmıştır. M. l. obtusa zehrinin farklı konsantrasyonlarıyla 72 saatlik inkübasyon sonucunda K562 hücrelerine karşı doza bağlı toksisite görülmüştür. IC50 değerleri MTT ve ATP testleriyle sırasıyla 0.45 and 0.37 µg/mL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca apoptoz uyarımının göstergeleri olarak nükleer fragmentasyon ve yoğunlaşma, apoptotik veziküller ve kaspaz-3 aktivasyonu gözlenmiştir. Apoptoza neden olan bileşiklerin kanser tedavisinde önemli bir yeri olması göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Anadolu'da bulu...

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Age-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 and Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophidia: Viperidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Venom-Induced Blood Disturbances by Palearctic Viperid Snakes, and Their Relative Neutralization by Antivenoms and Enzyme-Inhibitors

Venom-Induced Blood Disturbances by Palearctic Viperid Snakes, and Their Relative Neutralization by Antivenoms and Enzyme-Inhibitors

Individual variability of venom from the European adder (Vipera berus berus) from one locality in Eastern Hungary

In Vitro Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Activities of Anatolian Macrovipera Lebetina Obtusa (Dwigubski, 1832) Crude Venom on Cultured K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells.

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