Age-dependent mechanism in guinea pig bronchoconstriction induced by exsanguination

Zhang, H.-Q.; Tai, Hsin Hsiung; Lai, Yijie

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(94)00103-7

Respiration Physiology

1995

DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(94)00103-7

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Age-dependent mechanism in guinea pig bronchoconstriction induced by exsanguination

H.-Q. Zhang

Hsin Hsiung Tai

Yijie Lai

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Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, it has been shown previously that UA reflex responses are very different in 10-14-day-old compared with adult guinea-pigs [20]. There are also maturational differences in local airway responses, since exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction has been shown to be greater in 15-day-old than in adult guineapigs [21]. …”

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confidence: 83%

Upper airway cooling reduces upper airway resistance in anaesthetized young guinea-pigs

Curran

O’Halloran²,

Bradford³

1998

Eur Respir J

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In adult animals, the upper airway (UA) has been shown to contain receptors sensitive to UA cooling [1][2][3][4][5]. The application of cool air to the isolated UA inhibits breathing [6][7][8][9] and this effect is abolished by laryngeal anaesthesia [6] or by cutting the superior laryngeal nerves [7][8][9]. UA cooling has also been shown to modify UA dilator muscle activity [7][8][9][10][11] and this effect was also abolished by superior laryngeal nerve section [7,9,11]. In adult rats, moderate UA cooling has been shown to increase UA dilator muscle activity and reduce UA resistance [8,9], suggesting that changes in UA temperature may play a role in the control of UA patency.The effects of UA cooling on UA muscle activity and UA resistance have not been investigated in young animals. Little is known about UA receptors in young animals, although superior laryngeal nerve afferents responding to UA pressure, airflow, UA movement and/or muscle activity have been described in neonatal dogs [12] and to water in neonatal dogs [13] and neonatal sheep, cats and monkeys [14]. UA cooling has been shown to inhibit breathing in neonatal dogs [15] and guinea-pigs [16] and possibly in neonatal cats [17], and these effects were abolished by laryngeal anaesthesia [17] or superior laryngeal nerve section [15,16]. Menthol, a specific cold receptor stimulant, also inhibits breathing in neonatal dogs [18]. It has been suggested that the ventilatory depression caused by cooling and laryngeal reflex responses to water is greater in neonates than in adults [12,13,17].The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of UA cooling on UA dilator muscle activity and on UA resistance in young guinea-pigs. The young guineapig is known to be neurologically more mature than several other species [19]. However, it has been shown previously that UA reflex responses are very different in 10-14-day-old compared with adult guinea-pigs [20]. There are also maturational differences in local airway responses, since exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction has been shown to be greater in 15-day-old than in adult guineapigs [21]. Materials and methodsThe procedure for isolation of the UA has been described previously [16]. In brief, 17 young guinea-pigs (Biological Laboratories Europe Ltd., Carrentrila, Ireland) aged 15.7±0.4 days with a body weight of 197.8±7.3 g (mean±SD) were anaesthetised using urethane (2 g·kg -1 i.p.) and placed supine on a thermostatically controlled heating pad to maintain body temperature at 37°C. The fur was removed from the ventral aspect of the neck and a midline incision was made, exposing the trachea. With the aid of a binocular microscope (Leica, Wild MC3, Heerbrugg, Switzerland) a low cervical tracheostomy was performed through which the animal could breathe spontaneously. Tracheal airflow was continuously recorded using a heated pneumotachograph (Hans Rudolph, KS, USA) and differential pressure transducer (Validyne DP 15, North Ridge, CA, USA) placed in series with the tracheal cannula and the signal was in...

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mentioning

confidence: 83%

Upper airway cooling reduces upper airway resistance in anaesthetized young guinea-pigs

Curran

O’Halloran²,

Bradford³

1998

Eur Respir J

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“…Guinea-pigs are more mature when young compared to many species [11]. However, UA reflexes are very different in 10±14-day-old compared to adult guinea-pigs [12] and there are also maturational differences in local airway responses between 15-day-old and adult guineapigs [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of upper airway carbon dioxide on upper airway resistance and muscle activity in young guinea-pigs

Curran¹,

O’Halloran²,

Bradford³

2000

Eur Respir J

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The upper airway (UA) of adult animals is known to contain carbon dioxide‐sensitive receptors and UA CO2 reflexly affects breathing, UA dilator muscle activity and UA resistance. These effects may function in the control of UA patency. There is evidence that some UA reflexes are stronger in young than in adult animals, but it is not known whether CO2‐sensitive receptors are present in the UA of young animals, and the effects of UA CO2 on UA resistance and on UA dilator muscle activity have not been investigated in young animals. The responses of ventilation, UA resistance and geniohyoid muscle electromyographic activity to warm air containing 10% CO2 applied to the isolated UA were measured in anaesthetized, vagotomized young guinea‐pigs breathing spontaneously through a low‐cervical tracheostomy. Upper airway carbon dioxide caused an increase in ventilation (46.7±16.3 to 49.9±16.8 mL·min‐1·100 g body weight‐1) and upper airway resistance (56.8±14.8 to 63.7±17.7 cmH2O·L‐1·s‐1·kg body weight‐1). Similar effects were obtained following vagotomy. Geniohyoid activity became apparent following vagotomy and this activity was reduced by upper airway carbon dioxide. These responses were abolished by topical anaesthesia of the upper airway. This suggests that the reflexes seen are due to carbon dioxide‐sensitive receptors in the upper airway.

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Oxygen radicals in the nonvagal component of noncholinergic airway constriction

Zhang¹,

Tai²,

Lai³

1996

Respiration Physiology

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Age-dependent mechanism in guinea pig bronchoconstriction induced by exsanguination

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Upper airway cooling reduces upper airway resistance in anaesthetized young guinea-pigs

Upper airway cooling reduces upper airway resistance in anaesthetized young guinea-pigs

Effects of upper airway carbon dioxide on upper airway resistance and muscle activity in young guinea-pigs

Oxygen radicals in the nonvagal component of noncholinergic airway constriction

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