Age dependent electroencephalographic changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Poil, Simon-Shlomo; Bollmann, Steffen; Ghisleni, Carmen; O’Gorman, Ruth L.; Klaver, Peter; Ball, Juliane; Eich-Höchli, Dominique; Brandeis, Daniel; Michels, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.118

Cited by 89 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…This is in line with former research that showed that despite the persistent nature of ADHD, the majority of adolescents with ADHD discontinue stimulant medication before adulthood [57,58]. In addition, from childhood to adulthood, there is a decrease in total power and particularly in the slow wave bands including theta power [19,31]. Since aging [31] as well as using stimulant medication [14,[20][21][22] results in decreased theta power, the two effects may have cancelled each other out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Taken together, these studies provide support for the hypothesized maturational lag [15] and the in the seventies generated under arousal theories of ADHD [16]. However, there are also several studies that did not replicate the theta difference between ADHD and typically developing (TD)adults [17,18] and youngsters [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The most robust finding in ADHD is increased theta power [9][10][11] mainly in frontocentral areas [10] and, to a lesser extent, decreased beta activity [9,11]. The theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) bands of the power spectrum have been related to measures of vigilance and attention, respectively, at the behavioral level [12], and during childhood show maturational changes: decreasing slow wave activity (including theta) and increasing fast wave activity (including beta) [13]. Specifically, theta power seems to be negatively associated with vigilance or alertness, with high theta corresponding to an underaroused [10,12,14] and unfocused state [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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EEG theta and beta power spectra in adolescents with ADHD versus adolescents with ASD + ADHD

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Boxtel

Popma

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Attention problems are common in youngsters with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as in adolescents with combined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. However, it is unknown whether there is psychophysiological overlap and/or a difference in electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra between ADHD and comorbid ASD and ADHD (ASD + ADHD), on and off stimulant medication. To explore potential differences and overlap, measures of theta and beta power in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (n = 33) versus adolescents with combined ASD + ADHD (n = 20), categorized by stimulant medication use (57 % of the total sample), were compared. EEG measures were acquired in three conditions: (1) resting state, eyes closed (2) resting state, eyes open and (3) during an oddball task. In addition, performance on the d2 attention test was analyzed. Adolescents with ADHD displayed more absolute theta activity than adolescents with ASD + ADHD during the eyes open and task conditions, independent of stimulant medication use. In addition, only the adolescents with ADHD showed an association between diminished attention test performance and increased theta in the eyes open condition. Results of the current study suggest that although there is behavioral overlap between ADHD characteristics in adolescents with ADHD and adolescents with combined ASD + ADHD, the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms may be different. Adolescents with ASD + ADHD exhibited fewer of the EEG physiological signs usually associated with ADHD, although there was an overlap in attentional problems between the groups. This may indicate that treatments developed for ADHD work differently in some adolescents with ASD + ADHD and adolescents with ADHD only.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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EEG theta and beta power spectra in adolescents with ADHD versus adolescents with ASD + ADHD

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Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…26 The longitudinal stability of alterations in EEG frequency bands due to ADHD from childhood into adulthood has also been questioned in recent years. 22,27 Studies of event-related SCP Event-related potentials (ERPs) are small voltage fluctuations in the EEG resulting from evoked brain activity. ERP components reflect, with high temporal resolution, the patterns of neuronal activity in response to stimuli.…”

Section: Eeg Frequency Band Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofeedback for ADHD

Holtmann

Sonuga‐Barke

Cortese

et al. 2014

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

108

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KEYWORDS ADHD Treatment Neurofeedback Slow cortical potentials Frequency bands Reward KEY POINTSAmong alternative treatment approaches for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neurofeedback has gained empirical support in recent years.Via neurofeedback, children with ADHD are trained to regulate their neurophysiologic profile or to bring it closer to that of nonaffected children; learning of self-regulation is thus a key mechanism.According to recent meta-analytic evidence, neurofeedback leads to significant decreases of ADHD core symptoms; however, if only probably blinded ratings are applied, these effects were reduced to a statistical trend. The evidence remains inconclusive because subsequent studies could demonstrate neither learning of self-regulation nor significant effects for the best blinded assessments.There is a strong need for more evidence from well-blinded, methodologically sound, and sensitive trials demonstrating also learning of self-regulation, before neurofeedback can be assigned the highest level of evidence as a front-line treatment of ADHD. ContinuedChild Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am -(2014) ---http://dx

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“…Con el simple análisis de los contenidos del espectro de potencia de las bandas de frecuencia, medidos con FFT en todos los electrodos de registro simultáneo, Magee y cols (Magee, Clarke, Barry, McCarthy, y Selikowitz, 2005), mediante el uso de procedimientos estadísticos complejos (clúster y análisis de regresión), obtuvieron una sensibilidad diagnóstica del 89%, con una especificidad del 79.6%. Poil, con un procedimiento del mismo tipo, consiguió, en adultos, una capacidad diagnostica del 67 %, con una fiabilidad del 83% (Poil et al, 2014). Otros autores han propuesto el cociente Theta/Beta, Theta Beta Ratio (TBR), de las regiones frontopolares y de la línea media frontal, que aumenta en los casos de TDAH y es bastante menor de uno en los casos normales, como señalan Rudo-Hutt (Rudo-Hutt, 2015) y Snyder (Snyder et al, 2015), por lo que hoy se considera este cociente como un biomarcador para el diagnós-tico rápido del síndrome en los niños que presentan sintomatología compatible.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Marcadores bioeléctricos del TDAH: potenciación del análisis directo del EEG

Martín-Brufau¹,

Gómez

2017

EJREP

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ResumenIntroducción. Hasta el momento se habían propuesto métodos de diagnóstico del TDAH fundamentados en la descomposición EEG por el método FFT y el hallazgo de la relación entre distintas bandas de frecuencia, siendo la más aclaratoria la tasa TBR en las regiones prefrontales. Este procedimiento exige un aparataje complejo por lo que se evaluaron las ventajas de un método sencillo basado en la inspección visual del trazado EEG presentado de forma ad hoc.Método. Mediante el cálculo de las curvas ROC, se comparó la precisión de tres métodos diagnósticos de TDAH, frente a trazados de individuos normales, basados en EEG: a) el mé-todo TBR tras descomposición FFT; b) el índice delta+theta/alpha obtenido por descomposición visual por el método de Verley; c) los análisis directos del EEG con montajes específicos realizado por individuos no entrenados en interpretación EEG.Resultado. Los individuos con TDAH fueron diagnosticados correctamente mediante los procedimientos automáticos estudiados (capacidad discriminatoria del 92,9% según método TBR y 91,7% según método visual de Verley). Además, un 55,5% de los individuos no entrenados consiguieron distinguir los casos TDAH y los normales con una precisión diagnóstica similar a los métodos automáticos (índice de discriminación del 86,8%). Conclusión:El TDAH tiene un patrón de EEG propio que puede ser fácilmente reconocible mediante los montajes EEG propuestos. Dichos montajes permiten resaltar las riquezas Theta/Beta de las regiones seleccionadas con un coste bajo y una precisión diagnóstica adecuada, incluso para sujetos sin entrenamiento previo en la interpretación del trazado EEG. Este hecho apoya el uso del EEG en la detección temprana del TDAH.

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Age dependent electroencephalographic changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Cited by 89 publications

References 76 publications

EEG theta and beta power spectra in adolescents with ADHD versus adolescents with ASD + ADHD

EEG theta and beta power spectra in adolescents with ADHD versus adolescents with ASD + ADHD

Neurofeedback for ADHD

Marcadores bioeléctricos del TDAH: potenciación del análisis directo del EEG

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