Age-Dependent Effect of Pituitary Transplants on Immune Responses in Rat Spleen: Modulatory Effect of Cyclosporine

Arce, Agustı́n; Castrillón, Patricia O.; Cardinali, Daniel P.; Esquifino, Ana I.

doi:10.1159/000109104

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These data confirm previous results from our laboratory [24,25] which reported that hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary grafting did not modify the immune response of lymphocytes from the submaxillary lymph nodes of rats, thus suggesting a regional effect of the hormone on lymphocyte activity. The local innervation of the different peripheral lymphoid organs may have an influence on the effects of the hormone on lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, the data presented for the submaxillary lymph nodes do not show the immunosuppressive effect of PRL observed in the splenocytes of mice treated with this hormone or in the splenocytes of rats or mice bearing ectopic pituitary grafts [24,25,35], or in in vitro studies [30]. These data confirm previous results from our laboratory [24,25] which reported that hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary grafting did not modify the immune response of lymphocytes from the submaxillary lymph nodes of rats, thus suggesting a regional effect of the hormone on lymphocyte activity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Differential Effects of Light/Dark Recombinant Human Prolactin Administration on the Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen Activity of Adult Male Mice

Esquifino

Arce²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: Day/night variations in cellularity, percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and double-positive (CD4+–CD8+) lymphocytes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) activity, and the effect of timed administration of recombinant human prolactin (h-PRL) on the above-mentioned parameters were investigated in the submaxillary lymph nodes and spleen of adult male mice. Results: In controls, the percentage of CD4+, double-positive lymphocytes, LPS- or Con A-induced blastogenic proliferation and NK activity in the spleen differ during the dark phase as compared to the light phase. When administered during the dark period, h-PRL induced immunosuppresion in the percentage of CD4+, double-positive (CD4+–CD8+) lymphocytes. Con A- and LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation and NK activity as compared to untreated controls. When h-PRL was administered during the light period, the cellularity increased, and h-PRL was immunosuppressive in Con A- and LPS-induced lymphcoyte proliferation and NK activity as compared to controls. Moreover, in control submaxillary lymph nodes the cellularity, percentage of CD8+, double-positive lymphocytes, blastogenic proliferation in the presence of Con A and LPS and NK activity differ when comparing the dark with the light phase. When administered during the dark period h-PRL induced immunosuppression in the percentage of double-positive (CD4+–CD8+) lymphocytes, Con A- and LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation as compared to controls. When h-PRL is administered during the light period, no effects were observed. Conclusions: These results indicate the existence of differential day/night variations in the cellular immune response depending upon the lymphoid organ considered. Because of the administration of h-PRL a differential modulation of this circadian variation was also observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Differential Effects of Light/Dark Recombinant Human Prolactin Administration on the Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen Activity of Adult Male Mice

Esquifino

Arce²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…In previous studies, we analyzed how the hyperprolactinemic stage induced by a pituitary graft at different ages modified splenic [10] and submaxillary lymph node [11] responses in rats treated with Freund's complete adjuvant. We observed that a pituitary transplant performed in 5-day-old rats resulted in significantly increased mitogenic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) in the spleen but not in submaxillary lymph nodes of rats 2 days after the injection of Freund's adjuvant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy on in vitro Mitogenic Responses of Lymphocytes from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of Pituitary-Grafted Rats

Castrillón

Arce²,

Bonacho³

et al. 1998

Neurosignals

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Male rats were grafted an anterior pituitary within breast muscles or received a sham operation on day 5 of life. At the 60th day of life, the sympathetic denervation of rat submaxillary lymph nodes was achieved by a bilateral sympathetic superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx; at 15.00 h). Rats were killed either 18 h later (acute SCGx) or after 12 days (chronic SCGx) to measure lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in submaxillary lymph nodes, submaxillary lymph node cellularity and serum prolactin levels. In control rats, acute SCGx significantly augmented LPS or ConA activity on lymph cells while chronic SCGx had no effect. In pituitary-grafted rats, acute SCGx depressed the mitogenic effect of LPS or ConA whereas chronic SCGx augmented it. A global inhibitory effect of surgical stress on submaxillary lymph node cellularity was found in rats subjected to SCGx or its sham operation 18 h earlier. Serum prolactin levels increased significantly in pituitary-grafted rats, particularly in those subjected to chronic SCGx. In pituitary-grafted rats, a significant effect of acute SCGx was apparent, with serum prolactin levels augmenting about twice in sham-SCGx rats, and to a significantly less extent in acute SCGx rats. The results provide further evidence of the immunomodulatory role of local sympathetic nerves in submaxillary lymph nodes.

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“…The effects of prolactin on calcium metabolism in normal rats were also known to be age and dietary calcium dependent (4,45). For instance, 3-wk-old weaned and 5-wk-old young female rats, but not adult rats, manifested significant increases in the sternal and vertebral 45 Ca deposit 60 min after acute prolactin administration (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides Ovx, a number of factors, such as high-calcium diet and age of animals, could modulate actions of prolactin (4,28,45). High-calcium diet has been a standard regimen to alleviate negative calcium balance after Ovx (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-calcium diet modulates effects of long-term prolactin exposure on the cortical bone calcium content in ovariectomized rats

Charoenphandhu

Tudpor²,

Thongchote³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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High physiological prolactin induced positive calcium balance by stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, reducing renal calcium excretion, and increasing bone calcium deposition in female rats. Although prolactin-induced increase in trabecular bone calcium deposition was absent after ovariectomy, its effects on cortical bones were still controversial. The present investigation, therefore, aimed to study the effect of in vivo long-term high physiological prolactin induced by either anterior pituitary (AP) transplantation or 2.5 mg/kg prolactin injection on cortical bones in ovariectomized rats. Since the presence of prolactin receptors (PRLR) in different bones of normal adult rats has not been reported, we first determined mRNA expression of both short- and long-form PRLRs at the cortical sites (tibia and femur) and trabecular sites (calvaria and vertebrae) by using the RT-PCR. Our results showed the mRNA expression of both PRLR isoforms with predominant long form at all sites. However, high prolactin levels induced by AP transplantation in normal rats did not have any effect on the femoral bone mineral density or bone mineral content. By using 45Ca kinetic study, 2.5 mg/kg prolactin did not alter bone formation, bone resorption, calcium deposition, and total calcium content in tibia and femur of adult ovariectomized rats. AP transplantation also had no effect on the cortical total calcium content in adult ovariectomized rats. Because previous work showed that the effects of prolactin were age dependent and could be modulated by high-calcium diet, interactions between prolactin and these two parameters were investigated. The results demonstrated that 2.0% wt/wt high-calcium diet significantly increased the tibial total calcium content in 9-wk-old young AP-grafted ovariectomized rats but decreased the tibial total calcium content in 22-wk-old adult rats. As for the vertebrae, the total calcium contents in both young and adult rats were not changed by high-calcium diet. The present results thus indicated that the adult cortical bones were potentially direct targets of prolactin. Moreover, the effects of high physiological prolactin on cortical bones were age dependent and were observed only under the modulation of high-calcium diet condition.

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Age-Dependent Effect of Pituitary Transplants on Immune Responses in Rat Spleen: Modulatory Effect of Cyclosporine

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Differential Effects of Light/Dark Recombinant Human Prolactin Administration on the Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen Activity of Adult Male Mice

Differential Effects of Light/Dark Recombinant Human Prolactin Administration on the Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen Activity of Adult Male Mice

Acute and Chronic Effects of Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy on in vitro Mitogenic Responses of Lymphocytes from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of Pituitary-Grafted Rats

High-calcium diet modulates effects of long-term prolactin exposure on the cortical bone calcium content in ovariectomized rats

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