Age-dependent changes in localized proton and phosphorus MR spectroscopy of the brain.

Knaap, Marjo S. van der; Grond, Jeroen van der; Rijen, Peter C. van; Faber, J. A. J.; Valk, Jacob; Willemse, K

doi:10.1148/radiology.176.2.2164237

Cited by 279 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Parry et al (2004) speculated that the chronic reduction of both NAA and Cho in severe pediatric TBI reflects neuronal loss and cerebral atrophy. Taken together, these findings invite speculation that Cho levels continue to decrease in the first year following pediatric TBI and that injury at an early age may result in ongoing disruption of the normative developmental changes in brain metabolism (Parry et al, 2004;Tzika et al, 1993;van der Knapp et al, 1990). In other words, traumatic brain injury at an earlier age, when choline changes are occurring due to normative maturation/ myelination processes, may prolong recovery or perhaps irreversibly alter brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Late Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy following Traumatic Brain Injury during Early Childhood: Relationship with Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Walz

Cecil

Wade

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurotrauma

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We sought to extend previous research that demonstrates reduced neurometabolite concentrations during the chronic phase of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children injured during early childhood. We hypothesized that young children with TBI in the chronic phase post-injury would have lower N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) metabolite concentrations in gray and white matter in comparison to controls. We also hypothesized that metabolite levels would be correlated with acute TBI severity and neurobehavioral skills. Ten children with a history of TBI between the ages of 3 and 6 years were compared to an age, gender, and race-matched group of 10 children with a history of an orthopedic injury (OI). Children completed neurobehavioral testing at 12 months post-injury. Proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy was completed at least 12 months post-injury when the children were 6-9 years old. Groups were compared on metabolite concentrations in the medial frontal gray matter and left frontal white matter. Metabolite levels were correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and neurobehavioral functioning. There was a trend for lower NAA concentrations in the medial frontal gray matter for the TBI group. Late NAA and Cr levels in the medial frontal gray matter and NAA levels in the left frontal white matter were strongly positively correlated with initial GCS score. Metabolite levels were correlated with some neurobehavioral measures differentially for children with TBI or OI. Some neurometabolite levels differed between the TBI and OI groups more than 1 year post-injury and were related to injury severity, as well as some neurobehavioral outcomes following TBI during early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Late Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy following Traumatic Brain Injury during Early Childhood: Relationship with Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Walz

Cecil

Wade

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…The Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess statistical differences between groups. Although the group of the neurologic controls may not have perfectly matched the NMD group for sex and age, it was nevertheless deemed reliable because significant age-dependent biochemical changes usually occur only during the first years of life (25) or after 60 years, whereas no sex-related differences have been noted (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Changes in Neuronal Migration Disorders: Evaluation by Combined MRI and Proton MR Spectroscopy

et al. 1999

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Summary: Purpose: To assess the role of 'H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in detecting biochemical abnormalities in neuronal migration disorders (NMDs).Methods: We performed 'H-MRS studies on 17 brain NMD areas [five polymicrogyria, eight subcortical heterotopia, and four cortical dysplasia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. The study group consisted of I5 patients, all but one affected by partial epileptic seizures. Spectra were acquired from volumes of interest localized on NMDs and contralateral sides and compared with those obtained on gray and white matter of 18 neurologic controls.Results: NMD lesions were characterized by lower Nacetylaspartate to creatine (NAAICr) and choline to Cr (Chot Cr) ratios than those of the white (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004) and gray matter (p = 0.03 and p = 0.06) of neurologic controls. In addition, the nonnal-appearing contralateral sides to the NMD lesions showed a significant decrease of Cho/Cr ratio when compared with those of white (p = 0.003) and gray matter (p = 0.05) of neurologic controls. No relation was found between NAAlCr decrease, EEG abnormalities, and NMD sides, or between NANCr ratios, duration of epilepsy, and frequency of seizures. Lactate signal was detected in the spectra of four patients who had an epileptic seizure a short time before MR examination.Conclusions: NAA/Cr decrease may be related more to structural and functional alteration of the NMD sides than to epileptic activity in these lesions. Low Cho/Cr may be related to a more extensive diffuse hypomyelination than suggested by the MRI findings. An activation of anerobic glycolysis during and after seizures could account for the presence of lactate. These data confirm that 'H-MRS is an advanced technique that may provide useful biochemical information in vivo on neurobiologic processes underlying NMDs. Key Words: Neuronal migration disorders-Epilepsy-Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy-Magnetic resonance imaging.Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are a broad group of brain illnesses characterized by anomalies of site, thickness, shape, and organization of cerebral cortex due to a complete or partial failure of the neuroblast migration process, which may occur between the gestational weeks 8 and 15 (1,2). The etiology of NMD is extremely varied and may include genetic and chromosomal factors or maternal and environmental causes (for example, toxic, infectious, and hypoxichschemic) (3).Several clinical studies reported that frequently NMDs are associated with severe partial epilepsy, suggesting a combination of morphologic and functional abnormali-

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“…11 NAA is a marker of neuronal function. Its level in the cortex doubles during cortical development in the ®rst year of life 18 and falls in a number of neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease. 19 Increased NAA following iSCI might re¯ect motor cortical reorganisation as a result of having to re-learn motor skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal function studied over time following incomplete spinal cord injury

et al. 2000

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Twenty-one patients (ages 18 ± 72 years) with iSCI (level C2 ± C7, ASIA impairment grades C ± D) and 10 healthy control subjects (ages 27 ± 57 years) were studied. Electrophysiological tests of corticospinal function were carried out using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex and electromyographic (EMG) recordings from thenar muscles. Both tests were performed on a number of occasions, beginning 19 ± 384 days and ending 124 ± 1109 days post-injury, and the group data were pooled into time epochs of 50 or 100 days post-injury for analysis. Seven of the patients were studied on seven or more occasions and were also assessed individually. Results: Individual and pooled data indicated that neurological scores improved progressively and tended to stabilise by around 300 days post-injury. When the patients were ®rst assessed, the mean latency for motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and inhibition of voluntary EMG were signi®cantly dierent from control values. There was no signi®cant change in latency on subsequent sessions for either the grouped or individual patient data. There was no correlation between clinical assessment and electrophysiological data. Conclusion: We conclude that the weakened inhibition seen following iSCI is established within a few days of the time of spinal cord trauma. We argue that reduced corticospinal inhibition may be a prerequisite for the recovery of useful motor function. Sponsorship: The work was supported by a project grant from The Wellcome Trust. Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 292 ± 300

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Age-dependent changes in localized proton and phosphorus MR spectroscopy of the brain.

Cited by 279 publications

References 0 publications

Late Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy following Traumatic Brain Injury during Early Childhood: Relationship with Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Late Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy following Traumatic Brain Injury during Early Childhood: Relationship with Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Metabolic Changes in Neuronal Migration Disorders: Evaluation by Combined MRI and Proton MR Spectroscopy

Corticospinal function studied over time following incomplete spinal cord injury

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