Age-Dependent Change in Executive Function and Gamma 40 Hz Phase Synchrony

Paul, Robert; Clark, C. Richard; Lawrence, Jeffrey J.; Goldberg, Elkhonon; Williams, Leanne M.; Cooper, Nicholas; Cohen, Ronald A.; Brickman, Adam M.; Gordon, Evian

doi:10.1142/s0219635205000690

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Gamma band activity in the 40 Hz range is known to be related to executive ego functions and higher order consciousness (Fries et al. , 2007; Paul et al. , 2005; Voss et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (Voss et al, 2009;Hobson and Voss, 2010;Neider et al, 2011) have shown that lucid dreaming is accompanied by increased activity in the gamma frequency band (40 Hz), especially in frontal parts of the brain. Gamma band activity in the 40 Hz range is known to be related to executive ego functions and higher order consciousness (Fries et al, 2007;Paul et al, 2005;Voss et al, 2009). According to the recent literature, people differ in the extent to which they can generate gamma band activity.…”

Section: The Gamma Band Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lucid dreaming: an age‐dependent brain dissociation

Voss

Frenzel

Koppehele-Gossel

et al. 2012

Journal of Sleep Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe current study focused on the distribution of lucid dreams in school children and young adults. The survey was conducted on a large sample of students aged 6-19 years. Questions distinguished between past and current experience with lucid dreams. Results suggest that lucid dreaming is quite pronounced in young children, its incidence rate drops at about age 16 years. Increased lucidity was found in those attending higher level compared with lower level schools. Taking methodological issues into account, we feel confident to propose a link between the natural occurrence of lucid dreaming and brain maturation.

show abstract

“…Gamma band activity in the 40 Hz range is known to be related to executive ego functions and higher order consciousness (Fries et al. , 2007; Paul et al. , 2005; Voss et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Gamma Band Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lucid dreaming: an age‐dependent brain dissociation

Voss

Frenzel

Koppehele-Gossel

et al. 2012

Journal of Sleep Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It entails the ability to actively represent and maintain more than a single task goal and flexibly reallocate attentional resources when task parameters require it. Normal aging has been associated with progressive deterioration in this switching ability [e.g., Cepeda et al, 2001;Paul et al, 2005;Wecker et al, 2005;West and Travers, 2008]. However, in the elderly, there is remarkable variability in the ability to effectively perform executive control tasks, with some showing pronounced deterioration with advancing years and others continuing to perform as well as their younger counterparts [see e.g., Riis et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved executive function in high‐performing elderly is driven by large‐scale recruitment of prefrontal cortical mechanisms

Sanctis¹,

Gomez‐Ramirez²,

Sehatpour³

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-density electrical mapping of event-related potentials was used to investigate the neural processes that permit some elderly subjects to preserve high levels of executive functioning. Two possibilities pertain: (1) high-performance in elderly subjects is underpinned by similar processing mechanisms to those seen in young adults; that is, these individuals display minimal functional decay across the lifespan, or (2) preserved function relies on successfully recruiting and amplifying control processes to compensate for normal sensory-perceptual decline with age. Fifteen young and nineteen elderly participants, the latter split into groups of high and low performers, regularly alternated between a letter and a number categorization task, switching between tasks every third trial (AAA-BBB-AAA...). This allowed for interrogation of performance during switch, repeat, and preparatory pre-switch trials. Robust effects of age were observed in both frontal and parietal components of the task-switching network. Greatest differences originated over prefrontal regions, with elderly subjects generating amplified, earlier, and more differentiated patterns of activity. This prefrontal amplification was evident only in high-performing (HP) elderly, and was strongest on pre-switch trials when participants prepared for an upcoming task-switch. Analysis of the early transient and late sustained activity using topographic analyses and source localization collectively supported a unique and elaborated pattern of activity across frontal and parietal scalp in HP-elderly, wholly different to that seen in both young and low-performing elderly. On this basis, we propose that preserved executive function in HP-elderly is driven by large-scale recruitment and enhancement of prefrontal cortical mechanisms.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the finding that the numbers of synaptic vesicles in axon terminals forming axosomatic, but not axodendritic, synapses are correlated with impaired cognitive performance suggests that altered axosomatic inhibition with age has a detrimental effect on the function of neocortical circuits. Interestingly, studies in aged humans show that reduced cognitive function, as assessed in the auditory oddball paradigm, is associated with increased gamma synchrony in frontal regions (Paul et al, 2005). In addition, recent evidence indicates that compared to children or young adults, aged adults have increased gamma synchrony during a visual simple choice-reaction task (Werkle-Bergner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age on axon terminals forming axosomatic and axodendritic inhibitory synapses in prefrontal cortex

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Much of the cognitive decline shown by aging primates can be attributed to dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and, as shown previously, about 30% of asymmetric (excitatory) and symmetric (inhibitory) axodendritic synapses are lost from the neuropil of layer 2/3 in prefrontal area 46 with age (Peters et al., 2008). Whether there is a similar loss of inhibitory axosomatic synapses from this cortex has not been determined, but a study in primate motor cortex suggests that axosomatic synapses are not lost with age (Tigges et al., 1992). The present study is focused upon whether the remaining axon terminals forming inhibitory synapses in old monkeys hypertrophy to compensate for any age-related loss. Analysis of electron micrographs show that in layer 2/3 of area 46 in both young and old monkeys, axon terminals forming axosomatic synapses are significantly larger and contain more mitochondria than those forming axodendritic synapses and both axodendritic and axosomatic terminals become larger with age. However, while mitochondria in axodendritic terminals do not change in either size or amount with age, the mitochondria in axosomatic terminals become larger. Similarly, in terminals forming axodendritic synapses, the mean numbers of synaptic vesicle profiles is the same in young and old monkeys, whereas in terminals forming axosomatic synapses there is an increase in the numbers of synaptic vesicles with age. We also show that among these age-related changes, only the numbers of synaptic vesicles in axosomatic synapses are significantly correlated with the cognitive impairment indices displayed by the same monkeys. In summary, the data provide original evidence that axosomatic axon terminals increase in size and in their content of mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. Furthermore, based on our and previously published results, we speculate that these changes are linked to age-related cognitive decline. KeywordsAging; prefrontal cortex; synapses; inhibitory; axon terminals; ultrastructure Rhesus monkeys provide an excellent model in which to study normal aging, for although they live as long as 35 years (Tigges et al., 1988), they are not subject to Alzheimer's disease. But as they age, rhesus monkeys exhibit cognitive decline, which parallels that shown by humans (e.g. Gallagher and Rapp, 1997;Herndon et al., 1997;Moore et al., 2003;Moss et al., 2007). It is possible to assess the cognitive status of monkeys using behavioral tasks that are derived and adapted from those used for humans (e.g. Bachevalier et al., 1991 Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1982;Lai...

show abstract

Age-Dependent Change in Executive Function and Gamma 40 Hz Phase Synchrony

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Lucid dreaming: an age‐dependent brain dissociation

Lucid dreaming: an age‐dependent brain dissociation

Preserved executive function in high‐performing elderly is driven by large‐scale recruitment of prefrontal cortical mechanisms

Effects of age on axon terminals forming axosomatic and axodendritic inhibitory synapses in prefrontal cortex

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About