Age-dependent alterations in reward-seeking behavior after brief nicotine exposure

Mojica, Celina Y.; Belluzzi, James D.; Leslie, Frances M.

doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3266-7

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In order to model early adolescent smoking, one group has delivered nicotine to rats intravenously once daily for four days at a dose (60 μg/kg) that produces nicotine blood levels equivalent to that of 1–2 cigarettes (19–21,45,137). This brief, low-dose nicotine exposure in early adolescence produces unique, age-specific effects not seen in adult rats.…”

Section: Concurrent Use Of Nicotine and Psychostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse

Cross

Lotfipour

Leslie

2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol or psychostimulants represents a major public health concern, with use of one substance influencing consumption of the other. Co-abuse of these drugs leads to substantial negative health outcomes, reduced cessation, and high economic costs, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Epidemiological data suggest that tobacco use during adolescence plays a particularly significant role. Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by major neurobiological maturation of brain regions critical for reward processing, learning and memory, and executive function. Nicotine exposure during this time produces a unique and long-lasting vulnerability to subsequent substance use, likely via actions at cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems. In this review, we discuss recent clinical and preclinical data examining the genetic factors and mechanisms underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or cocaine and amphetamines. We evaluate the critical role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors throughout, and emphasize the dearth of preclinical studies assessing concurrent drug exposure. We stress important age and sex differences in drug responses, and highlight a brief, low-dose nicotine exposure paradigm that may better model early use of tobacco products. The escalating use of e-cigarettes among youth necessitates a closer look at the consequences of early adolescent nicotine exposure on subsequent alcohol and drug abuse.

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Section: Concurrent Use Of Nicotine and Psychostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse

Cross

Lotfipour

Leslie

2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…Overall, adolescence is a vulnerable time for the initiation of tobacco use and also represents a critical window for developing nicotine dependence later in life, as well as enhancing drug cue-related learning in adulthood (Mojica, Belluzzi, & Leslie, 2014). Early adolescence seems to be an especially vulnerable time as adolescent animals display anxiolytic responses to acute nicotine, acquire nicotine-CPP after a single administration of nicotine, and show reduced withdrawal symptoms compared to adults.…”

Section: Adolescent Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine, adolescence, and stress: A review of how stress can modulate the negative consequences of adolescent nicotine abuse

Holliday

Gould

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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In order to continue the decline of smoking prevalence, it is imperative to identify factors that contribute to the development of nicotine and tobacco addiction, such as adolescent initiation of nicotine use, adolescent stress, and their interaction. This review highlights the biological differences between adolescent and adults in nicotine use and resulting effects, and examines the enduring consequences of adolescent nicotine administration. A review of both clinical and preclinical literature indicates that adolescent, but not adult, nicotine administration leads to increased susceptibility for development of long-lasting impairments in learning and affect. Finally, the role stress plays in normal adolescent development, the deleterious effects stress has on learning and memory, and the negative consequences resulting from the interaction of stress and nicotine during adolescence is reviewed. The review concludes with ways in which future policies could benefit by addressing adolescent stress as a means of reducing adolescent nicotine abuse.

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“…In addition, adolescent, but not adult, rodents exposed to nicotine display disruptions in hippocampal learning, long-lasting depressive phenotypes, changes in cocaine sensitivity and reward, enhanced drug-related learning, and deficits in impulse control, executive function, and cognition. 86,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Improved drug-related learning following brief nicotine exposure during early adolescence is characterized by rapid initiation and cue association of cocaine and amphetamine self-administration, which is indicative of an addictive-like phenotype and is not observed in adolescent and adult controls or adults also pretreated with nicotine. 92,94 Furthermore, heightened depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors after 30 days of nicotine abstinence in mice exposed as adolescents, but not adults, indicate that nicotine exposure and withdrawal can have longterm effects on emotional and cognitive functioning, particularly when nicotine exposure occurs during adolescence.…”

Section: Nicotine Uniquely Activates the Adolescent Brain Reward Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Improved drug-related learning following brief nicotine exposure during early adolescence is characterized by rapid initiation and cue association of cocaine and amphetamine self-administration, which is indicative of an addictive-like phenotype and is not observed in adolescent and adult controls or adults also pretreated with nicotine. 92,94 Furthermore, heightened depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors after 30 days of nicotine abstinence in mice exposed as adolescents, but not adults, indicate that nicotine exposure and withdrawal can have longterm effects on emotional and cognitive functioning, particularly when nicotine exposure occurs during adolescence. 89 The exact timing of exposure during adolescence is also significant, as nicotine's effects are far greater during early adolescence (PND 28-31 or 12-15 years) versus late adolescence (PND 38-41 or 16-18 years) or adulthood (PND 86-89).…”

Section: Nicotine Uniquely Activates the Adolescent Brain Reward Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use

Ren

Lotfipour

2019

WestJEM

101

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Given the rise in teenage use of electronic nicotine delivery systems ("vaping") in congruence with the increasing numbers of drug-related emergencies, it is critical to expand the knowledge of the physical and behavioral risks associated with developmental nicotine exposure. A further understanding of the molecular and neurochemical underpinnings of nicotine's gateway effects allows emergency clinicians to advise patients and families and adjust treatment accordingly, which may minimize the use of tobacco, nicotine, and future substances. Currently, the growing use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes among teenagers represents a major public health concern. Adolescent exposure to tobacco or nicotine can lead to subsequent abuse of nicotine and other substances, which is known as the gateway hypothesis. Adolescence is a developmentally sensitive time period when risktaking behaviors, such as sensation seeking and drug experimentation, often begin. These hallmark behaviors of adolescence are largely due to maturational changes in the brain. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs of abuse, including tobacco and nicotine products, which activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Disruption of nAChR development with early nicotine use may influence the function and pharmacology of the receptor subunits and alter the release of reward-related neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and glutamate. In this review, we emphasize that the effects of nicotine are highly dependent on timing of exposure, with a dynamic interaction of nAChRs with dopaminergic, endocannabinoid, and opioidergic systems to enhance general drug reward and reinforcement. We analyzed available literature regarding adolescent substance use and nicotine's impact on the developing brain and behavior using the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published in English between January 1968 and November 2018. We present a large collection of clinical and preclinical evidence that adolescent nicotine exposure influences long-term molecular, biochemical, and functional changes in the brain that encourage subsequent drug abuse. [West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(5)696-709.] examined in a recent study (2015), which reported that 38.8 percent of adolescents initiate nicotine before alcohol and/ or marijuana, while 21.3 percent use alcohol prior to nicotine and/or marijuana, and 8.6 percent use marijuana before nicotine and/or alcohol. 23 Although previous reports highlight that the rates of cigarette smoking are decreasing in the United States (U.S.), from 20.9 percent in 2005 to 15.5 percent in 2016, current trends in teen use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e.g., e-cigarettes, vaporizers, hookah pens) are rapidly increasing. 24-26 In particular, the rate of current e-cigarette use in high school students jumped from 1.5 percent in 2011

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Age-dependent alterations in reward-seeking behavior after brief nicotine exposure

Abstract: Nicotine pretreatment affects reward-related behavior in both an age- and reward-dependent manner. These findings show that brief nicotine exposure during early adolescence enhances drug-related learning.

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse

Mechanisms and genetic factors underlying co-use of nicotine and alcohol or other drugs of abuse

Nicotine, adolescence, and stress: A review of how stress can modulate the negative consequences of adolescent nicotine abuse

Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use

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