Age changes in the human oculomotor nerve – A stereological study

Sharma, Saroj; Ray, Bappaditya; Bhardwaj, D.N.; Dwivedi, Alok; Roy, Tara Sankar

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2009.02.008

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Reports in literature indicate that myelinated fibers predominate in these nerves [7,39]. Our findings ( Table 1 &2) are not quite in agreement with previous studies [33,35] that were on electron microscopic montages, and counting frames were chosen manually, therefore were inherently biased.…”

Section: Myelinated Fibers Countsupporting

confidence: 34%

“…Even though small thinly myelinated fibers were identifiable in the older age groups, however, they were integrated in the main nerve mass. A similar group of putative pupillomotor fibers was noted in the third cranial nerves [7,[33][34]. Similar group of fibers, of undetermined origin were observed in fetal trochlear nerves [35] and it was speculated that these fibers could be either the nervi tentori-a meningeal branch of the ophthalmic nerve, or sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid plexus.…”

Section: Distribution Of Small Thinly Myelinated Fibersmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Mayhew [26] and Larsen [19] further extended this application to get a precise estimate of parameters such as area, perimeter and myelin thickness of the nerve. In our laboratory, the developing human fetal cochlear nerve and age changes in the human oculomotor nerve have been studied successfully using unbiased stereology [7,27]. This unbiased method represents an important advancement in quantitative morphological assessment of tissues and organs [28].…”

Section: Methodology and Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We divided the fibers of TN and AN into three groups according to their axonal area (small: < 10 µm 2 , medium: 10 -20 µm 2 and large: >20 µm 2 ) [7]. …”

Section: Estimation Of Axonal Area Of Myelinated Fiber and Myelin Thimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory and infectious diseases like sarcoidosis, chronic meningitis (tuberculosis or Lyme disease) can cause neuropathy in 7 both nerves [6]. The predominance of myelinated fibers in the ocular motor nerves [7] also predisposes the TN and AN to demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis [8][9][10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

Ramkumar¹,

Sharma²,

Jacob³

et al. 2015

Aging and disease

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The trochlear and abducens nerves (TN and AN) control the movement of the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles of the eyeball, respectively. Despite their immense clinical and radiological importance no morphometric data was available from a wide spectrum of age groups for comparison with either pathological or other conditions involving these nerves. In the present study, morphometry of the TN and AN was performed on twenty post-mortem samples ranging from 12-90 years of age. The nerve samples were processed for resin embedding and toluidine blue stained thin (1µm) sections were used for estimating the total number of myelinated axons by fractionator and the cross sectional area of the nerve and the axons by point counting methods. We observed that the TN was covered by a welldefined epineurium and had ill-defined fascicles, whereas the AN had multiple fascicles with scanty epineurium. Both nerves contained myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of various sizes intermingled with each other. Out of the four age groups (12-20y, 21-40y, 41-60y and >61y) the younger groups revealed isolated bundles of small thinly myelinated axons. The total number of myelinated fibers in the TN and AN at various ages ranged from 1100-3000 and 1600-7000, respectively. There was no significant change in the cross-sectional area of the nerves or the axonal area of the myelinated nerves across the age groups. However, myelin thickness increased significantly in the AN with aging (one way ANOVA). The present study provides baseline morphometric data on the human TN and AN at various ages.

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Section: Myelinated Fibers Countsupporting

confidence: 34%

Section: Distribution Of Small Thinly Myelinated Fibersmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodology and Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We divided the fibers of TN and AN into three groups according to their axonal area (small: < 10 µm 2 , medium: 10 -20 µm 2 and large: >20 µm 2 ) [7]. …”

Section: Estimation Of Axonal Area Of Myelinated Fiber and Myelin Thimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

Ramkumar¹,

Sharma²,

Jacob³

et al. 2015

Aging and disease

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Published Human Cadaveric Measurements Are Strongly Biased Toward the Elderly Population

Yammine

2019

Clinical Anatomy

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Understanding of anatomy is based on the study of anatomical variations. Morphometric variations can have important implications in surgical practice. The sizes of some anatomical structures are affected by age; however, cadavers used in anatomical research are usually of advanced age. The main aim of this study is to quantify the mean age of samples in cadaveric studies reporting morphometric values. PubMed was searched for the last 3 years to locate cadaveric studies reporting size values, excluding histological, forensic, and osteological collections. Out of the 390 potentially relevant papers, 109 (28%) studies did not report the ages of their samples. In total, 177 studies were included for analysis comprising 4,807 subjects. The most studied structures were those of the musculoskeletal system. The mean age of the pooled sample was 71.1 ± 11.0 years. The lowest reported age was 16 while the highest was 104 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no correlation with any of the following variables: country of study, anatomical region, anatomical structure, or journal type. The mean age of cadavers used to measure the sizes of human anatomical structures falls largely within the senior age category. The reported values in an aging population will not necessarily mirror other populations such as the pediatric. The outcomes of surgeries that depend to some extent on tight morphometric values such as flap surgeries, microsurgery, tendon transfer, or mini‐invasive procedures could differ when they are performed on other age categories. More anatomical research is needed for better reporting of age‐related morphometric changes. Clin. Anat., 33:804–808, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Oculomotor nerve root split: incidental finding on MRI—case report and literature review

et al. 2022

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Age changes in the human oculomotor nerve – A stereological study

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

Published Human Cadaveric Measurements Are Strongly Biased Toward the Elderly Population

Oculomotor nerve root split: incidental finding on MRI—case report and literature review

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