Age, but not sex and seasonality, influence Haemosporida prevalence in White-banded Tanagers (<i>Neothraupis fasciata</i>) from central Brazil

Fecchio, Alan; Lima, Marcos Robalinho; Balthazar, Patricia; Ribas, Augusto Cesar de Aquino; Caparroz, Renato; Marini, Miguel Ângelo

doi:10.1139/cjz-2014-0119

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…For example, in our study, most birds were sampled during reproductive season which is related to the relapse stage of chronic haemosporidian parasite infection (Valkiūnas, 2005; Asghar et al, 2011). Additionally and according to other studies (McCurdy et al, 1998; Fecchio et al, 2015), no sex-biased haemosporidian prevalence was observed in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito, this could be in concordance with the similar reproductive costs and exposure to vectors for monogamous species in both mates (McCurdy et al, 1998; Fecchio et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Latitudinal gradients of haemosporidian parasites: Prevalence, diversity and drivers of infection in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

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Vianna

Botero‐Delgadillo

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Latitudinal gradients are well-suited systems that may be helpful explaining distribution of haemosporidian parasites and host susceptibility. We studied the prevalence, diversity and drivers of haemosporidian parasites (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) along a latitudinal gradient (30°–56° S), that encompass the total distribution (~3,000 km) of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in the South American temperate forests from Chile. We analyzed 516 individuals from 18 localities between 2010 and 2017 and observed an overall prevalence of 28.3% for haemosporidian parasites. Leucocytozoon was the most prevalent parasite (25.8%). We recorded 19 distinct lineages (13 for Leucocytozoon, five for Plasmodium, and one for Haemoproteus). Differences in haemosporidian prevalence and diversity by genus and type of habitat were observed in the latitudinal gradient. Further, we support the existence of a latitudinal associate distribution of Leucocytozoids in South America, where prevalence and diversity increase toward higher latitudes. Distribution of Leucocytozoon was associated with sub-antarctic habitat (higher latitude) and explained by cold temperature and high precipitation. On the other hand, we lacked to find a latitudinal associate pattern for Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, however low prevalence and high diversity were recorded in areas considered as a hotspot of biodiversity in Central Chile. Our findings confirmed the importance of habitat and climatic variables explaining prevalence, diversity and distribution of haemosporidian parasites in a huge latitudinal gradient, belonging the distribution of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito in the world's southernmost forests ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Latitudinal gradients of haemosporidian parasites: Prevalence, diversity and drivers of infection in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

Cuevas

Vianna

Botero‐Delgadillo

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Zuk and McKean, 1996; Deviche et al 2010) and others none (e.g. Ricklefs et al 2005; Latta and Ricklefs, 2010; Fecchio et al 2015; Granthon and Williams, 2017). Similar to the latter studies, neither age (AHY or HY) nor sex had significant effects on parasite infection intensity in red crossbills in this study, which may be due to more or less equal distribution of infection intensities among birds exhibiting symptoms of Haemoproteus infection (Norte et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunity and environmental correlates ofHaemoproteusprevalence and intensity in an opportunistic breeder

et al. 2018

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While parasite infection can have substantial fitness consequences in organisms, the predictors of parasite prevalence and intensity are often complex and vary depending on the host species. Here, we examined correlates of Haemoproteus (a common malaria parasite) prevalence and intensity in an opportunistically breeding songbird, the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra). Specifically, we quantified Haemoproteus prevalence and intensity in crossbills caught in the Grand Teton National Park from 2010 to 2013. We found that parasite prevalence varies seasonally and across years, with the highest number of infected individuals occurring in the summer, although there was variation across summers sampled, and that prevalence was positively related to annual mean cone crop sizes (a measure of crossbill food abundance) and daily ambient temperature (a correlate of vector abundance). Parasite intensity was significantly and positively related to one measure of innate immunity, leucocyte counts per blood volume. Finally, neither crossbill age, ecomorph, nor sex had significant effects on parasite infection intensity; however, parasite prevalence did significantly vary among ecomorph and age classes. These results support the interpretation that a combination of physiological (specifically immune activity) and environmental factors affects parasite prevalence and infection intensity in this opportunistically breeding avian species.

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“…Patterns of parasitism might even be non‐linear, reflecting both accumulation of infective stages and age‐related strength of immune responses to mounting infections (Woolhouse , Sorci ). Age biases in parasitism do occur across host taxa, and among avian hosts both juvenile (Isomursu et al ) and adult (Fecchio et al ) age biases in parasitism have been observed, though, as mentioned above, the pattern may be embedded in an interaction between host age and host sex (Isomursu et al , Durkin et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host sex and age typically explain variation in parasitism of rock ptarmigan: implications for identifying determinants of exposure and susceptibility

Nielsen

Morrill

Skírnisson

et al. 2020

Journal of Avian Biology

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Measures of parasitism often differ between hosts. This variation is thought due in part to age or sex differences in exposure to parasites and/or susceptibility to parasitism. We assessed how often age or sex biases in parasitism were found using a large, multiyear (2006-2017) dataset of 12 parasite species of Icelandic rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). We found host traits (i.e. age and/or sex) accounted for significant variation in abundance of 11 of the 12 parasite species. We often found increased abundance among juvenile hosts, although significant adult biases were observed for three parasite species. Additionally, higher levels of parasitism by many species were observed for female hosts, contrary to frequent male biases in parasitism reported for other vertebrates. Abundance of six parasite species was best explained by interactions between host age and sex; some degree of decrease in abundance with host age was present for both male and female hosts for four of those parasite species. We consider various host and parasite traits that could account for observed singular and repeated patterns of age and/or sex biases in parasitism (e.g. age-and sex-related grouping behaviours, age-specific mortality in relation to parasitism, acquisition of greater immunity with age). This work provides a foundation for future studies investigating age-related differences in acquired immunity and age-specific parasite-mediated mortality for males and females, as well as studies on interactions between co-infecting parasite species.

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Age, but not sex and seasonality, influence Haemosporida prevalence in White-banded Tanagers (Neothraupis fasciata) from central Brazil

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Latitudinal gradients of haemosporidian parasites: Prevalence, diversity and drivers of infection in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

Latitudinal gradients of haemosporidian parasites: Prevalence, diversity and drivers of infection in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

Innate immunity and environmental correlates ofHaemoproteusprevalence and intensity in an opportunistic breeder

Host sex and age typically explain variation in parasitism of rock ptarmigan: implications for identifying determinants of exposure and susceptibility

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