Age-based norm-reference values for the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool

Pados, Britt Frisk; Thoyre, Suzanne M.; Park, Jinhee

doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0067-z

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…PediEAT total score, physiologic symptoms subscale score, selective/restrictive eating subscale score, and oral processing subscale score all decreased with increasing child age, whereas problematic mealtime behaviour subscale score increased with age. This finding is consistent with previously published data that showed increasing problematic mealtime behaviour scores in healthy, typically developing children until age 3, and then decreasing thereafter; whereas other subscale scores generally decreased with increasing child age 14 . The data presented in this study suggest that physiologic symptoms, symptoms of selective and restrictive eating behaviours, and oral processing dysfunction improve over time for all children, but children with CHD continue to have more symptoms of problematic eating than their healthy peers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD compared to healthy peers

Pados

2018

Cardiol Young

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Children with CHD often experience difficulty with oral feeding, which contributes to growth faltering in this population. Few studies have explored symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD using valid and reliable measures of oral feeding. The purpose of this study was to describe symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD compared to healthy children without medical conditions, taking into account variables that may contribute to symptoms of problematic feeding. Oral feeding was measured by the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool, a parent report assessment of feeding with evidence of validity and reliability. This secondary analysis used data collected from web-based surveys completed by parents of 1093 children between 6 months and 7 years of age who were eating solid foods by mouth. General linear models were used to evaluate the differences between 94 children with CHD and 999 children without medical conditions based on the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool total score and four subscale scores. Covariates tested in the models included breathing tube duration, type of CHD, gastroesophageal reflux, genetic disorder, difficulty with breast- or bottle-feeding during infancy, cardiac surgery, and current child age. Children with CHD had significantly more symptoms of problematic feeding than healthy children on the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool total score, more physiologic symptoms, problematic mealtime behaviours, selective/restrictive eating, and oral processing dysfunction (p <0.001 for all), when taking into account relevant covariates. Additional research is needed in children with CHD to improve risk assessment and develop interventions to optimise feeding and growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The range of possible scores for the PediEAT total score is 0–390. Norm-reference values for scores on the PediEAT, based on a large sample of children within each of 11 age groups, are available to aid in interpretation of scores 14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD compared to healthy peers

Pados

2018

Cardiol Young

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“…Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool. [10][11][12] The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool is a 78-item, parent-reported measure of symptoms of problematic feeding related to solid-food eating in infants and children 6 months to 7 years old. 12 Specifically, this tool measures a child's feeding behaviours and their willingness to eat certain foods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding at 6–12 months in infants with CHD

Pados

Harrison²

2022

Cardiol Young

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Background: Feeding difficulty is common in infants with CHD. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the feeding skills and behaviours of infants with CHD at 6–12 months of age and explore relationships between feeding, gastrointestinal distress, and gastroesophageal reflux. Methods: Parents of 30 infants with CHD completed online surveys when their infant was 6, 8, 10, and 12 months old. Surveys included parent-report measures of feeding skills (Child Oral and Motor Proficiency Scale), feeding behaviours (Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool), symptoms of gastrointestinal distress (Infant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire), and gastroesophageal reflux (Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire-Revised). Results: We found that 95, 32, 67, and 30% of infants were delayed in their feeding skill development at 6, 8, 10, and 12 months, respectively. Symptoms of problematic feeding behaviours were similarly high, with 90, 62, 29, and 38% of infants meeting criteria for problematic feeding at 6, 8, 10, and 12 months, respectively. Feeding skills and behaviours were related but unique contributors. Feeding behaviours were related to both gastrointestinal distress and gastroesophageal reflux, but feeding skills were rarely related to either. Conclusions: Delayed acquisition of feeding skills and problematic feeding were common in infants with CHD. Infants with more gastrointestinal and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms had more symptoms of problematic feeding behaviours. Clinical Implications: Comprehensive assessment, targeted interventions, and early involvement of feeding specialists are important to support feeding in infants with CHD through at least the first year of life.

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“…Such problems may also negatively affect the quality of life of both children and their parents (Patel et al, 2018). These difficulties are observed in nearly 80–85% of the children with developmental disabilities or medical complexities (Benfer et al, 2013; Pados, Thoyre, & Park, 2018). Adverse effects on dentofacial development, oral health status, and related medical and social problems can be reduced or eliminated if it is noticed and treated early (Jefferson, 2010; Verrastro, Stefani, Rodrigues, & Wanderley, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orofacial functions and oral health: An analysis on children aged 5–8 years old

Öztürk

Özler

Arslan

et al. 2021

Journal of Texture Studies

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The aim of this study is to assess the orofacial function performance and oral health status of healthy children as well as their potential correlations. In this descriptive study, the oral functions of four hundred systemically healthy children who applied for the pediatric dentistry clinic were evaluated. Three scales, namely Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS), Pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI‐EAT‐10), and Nordic Orofacial Test Screening (NOT‐S) protocol, are used to collect the data. These children's carious lesions were evaluated by using the decayed, missing, filled tooth/surface (DMFT/S, dmft/s) indices, the International Caries Detection and the Assessment‐II System (ICDAS‐II). In total, 400 (6.5 years [78.02 months]) children were participated in the study. Their KCPS scores indicate that 58.0% of the children were at level 0 and 35.8% were at level 1. The results of the KCPS levels and the DMFT, dmft, DT, dt, MT, mt (as =0 and ≥1) were found to be statistically significant; p = .044, p = .009, p = .008, p = .000, p = .032, and p = .003, respectively. The total PEDI‐EAT‐10 score of 13.4% of the children was found to be 3 or higher, suggesting that they experience a problem in swallowing. According to the NOT‐S, the most affected domains were “habits” (51.0%), “facial expression” (49.3%), and “chewing and swallowing” (45.3%). Among healthy children without a defined problem in swallowing and orofacial functions, the oral health status may affect orofacial functions. Decayed (particularly, extensive caries existence) or missing tooth may have critical importance for adequate chewing in children. Especially in the presence of so many decayed or missing teeth, evaluating the orofacial functions through different scales may considerably contribute to early diagnosis of functional problems.

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Age-based norm-reference values for the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool

Abstract: The PediEAT now has age-based norm-reference values to guide score interpretation and clinical decision-making.

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD compared to healthy peers

Symptoms of problematic feeding in children with CHD compared to healthy peers

Feeding at 6–12 months in infants with CHD

Orofacial functions and oral health: An analysis on children aged 5–8 years old

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