Age at Regular Drinking, Clinical Course, and Heritability of Alcohol Dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: A Gender Analysis

Ehlers, Cindy L.; Gizer, Ian R.; Vieten, Cassandra; Gilder, Allison; Gilder, David A.; Stouffer, Gina M.; Lau, Philip; Wilhelmsen, Kirk C.

doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2009.00021.x

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This is in line with trends for alcohol use among adolescents and young adults in the general population (see Ehlers et al, 2010; Schuckit, Daeppen, Tipp, Hesselbrock, & Bucholz, 1998). We advanced a similar hypothesis for White versus non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth in the CWS, based on trends in the general population for later initiation of alcohol use but also greater probability of the development of alcohol problems in the latter groups (Caetano, 1997; Dawson, 1996; Dawson, Grant, Chou, & Pickering, 1995; Wagner, Lloyd, & Gil, 2002; Williams et al, 2007).…”

Section: Current Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

Differences in polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system: Toward a better understanding of the highest-risk teens

Traube

Yarnell

Schrager

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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The current study extended limited prior work on polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system (CWS) by addressing their potentially greater risk of engaging in polysubstance use, the causes of interpersonal variation in use, and changes in use over time, particularly at later points of involvement in the CWS. Using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (n = 1,178), a series of time-invariant and time-varying demographic and contextual factors were explored to assess their role both overall and at unique points of involvement in the CWS. A series of unconditional and conditional curve-of-factor models were estimated and results indicated that time-invariant characteristics of ethnicity and gender were not related to polysubstance use. Time-variant characteristics of age and placement were associated with polysubstance use and highlighted the dynamic nature of age as a risk factor. Out-of-home placement was protective against later substance use for youth who had been removed from contexts with their original caretaker where there were higher levels of reported violence. Our results suggest that in the child welfare population, the modeling of multiple substances rather than a single substance in isolation is more informative because it yields information on the confluence of behaviors that tend to occur and evolve together.

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Section: Current Studysupporting

confidence: 87%

Differences in polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system: Toward a better understanding of the highest-risk teens

Traube

Yarnell

Schrager

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…Men also show a higher lifetime prevalence of AUDs (Grant et al 2015). Interestingly, while women tend to start drinking at a later age, there is evidence that they accelerate to dependence faster than males in what has been termed “telescoping” (Diehl et al 2007; Ehlers et al 2010; Erol and Karpyak 2015; Mann et al 2005; Randall et al 1999; Schuckit et al 1995; Schuckit et al 1998), but see (Keyes et al 2010; Sharrett-Field et al 2013). Furthermore, men and women do not differ in length of abstinence prior to resuming drinking (Foster et al 2000; Greenfield et al 2000) and show similar response to acamprosate and naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence (Baros et al 2008; Greenfield et al 2010; Mason and Lehert 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in alcohol self-administration and relapse-like behavior in Long-Evans rats

Randall

Stewart

Besheer

2017

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Alcohol use disorders are a costly public health dilemma. Complicating this issue is the general lack of basic research assessing sex differences in many aspects of alcohol seeking and taking behaviors. The current experiments sought to decrease this gap in our understanding of sex differences in alcohol use disorders by assessing both male and female Long-Evans rats in parallel on alcohol self-administration, relapse-like behavior following abstinence and extinction, and motivation to respond for the standard alcohol solution and a quinine-adulterated alcohol solution. Here, we show that while males tend to have greater alcohol-reinforced responses throughout self-administration training, females show similar or greater alcohol intake (g/kg). Additionally, when tested for reinstatement of alcohol seeking and self-administration, following abstinence or extinction, males consistently showed greater reinstatement responding than females, which may be related to their training history. However, when assessed using the progressive ratio, there were no sex differences in motivation to respond for alcohol. Further, the consistent patterns of responding across months of self-administration training in both males and females, lend support for the feasibility of conducting these studies in male and female rats in parallel without concerns about daily variability. Our data also suggest that males and females should not be pooled as differences in alcohol lever responses and differences in reinstatement, as observed in the current experiments, could affect the overall outcome and possibly confound data interpretation. These studies demonstrate the importance of assessing males and females in parallel and advance the body of preclinical research on sex differences in alcohol self-administration and relapse.

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“…Ethanol use during early adolescence has been clearly demonstrated to be a risk factor for the later development of alcohol dependence in a number of epidemiological studies (Ehlers et al, 2006, 2010; Grant, 1998; Grant & Dawson, 1997; Hicks, Iacono & McGue, 2010; Hingson, Heeren & Edwards, 2008). The mechanism by which early adolescent drinking leads to an increased risk for alcohol dependence in high-risk individuals is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol drinking during adolescence increases consumptive responses to alcohol in adulthood in Wistar rats

Amodeo

Kneiber

Wills

et al. 2017

Alcohol

Self Cite

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Binge drinking and the onset of alcohol use disorders usually peak during the transition between late adolescence and early adulthood, and early adolescent onset of alcohol consumption has been demonstrated to increase the risk for alcohol dependence in adulthood. In the present study we describe an animal model of early adolescent alcohol consumption where animals drink unsweetened and unflavored ethanol in high concentrations (20%). Using this model we investigated the influence of drinking on alcohol-related appetitive behavior and alcohol consumption levels in early adulthood. Further, we also sought to investigate whether differences in alcohol-related drinking behaviors were specific to exposure in adolescence versus exposure in adulthood. Male Wistar rats were given a 2-bottle choice between 20% ethanol and water in one group and between two water bottles in another group during their adolescence (Postnatal Day (PD) PD26-59) to model voluntary drinking in adolescent humans. As young adults (PD85), rats were trained in a paradigm that provided free access to 20% alcohol for 25 min after completing up to a fixed ratio (FR) 16-lever press response. A set of young adult male Wistar rats was exposed to the same paradigm using the same time course beginning at PD92. The results indicate that adolescent exposure to alcohol increased consumption of alcohol in adulthood. Furthermore, when investigating differences between adolescent high and low adolescent drinkers in adulthood, high consumers continued to drink more alcohol, had fewer FR failures, and had faster completion of FR schedules in adulthood whereas the low consumers were no different than controls. Rats exposed to ethanol in young adulthood also increased future intake but there were no differences in any other components of drinking behavior. Both adolescent- and adult-exposed rats did not exhibit an increase in lever pressing during the appetitive challenge session. These data indicate that adolescent and early adult alcohol exposure can increase consumptive aspects of drinking but that adolescent exposure may preferentially influence the motivation to drink.

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Age at Regular Drinking, Clinical Course, and Heritability of Alcohol Dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: A Gender Analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

Differences in polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system: Toward a better understanding of the highest-risk teens

Differences in polysubstance use among youth in the child welfare system: Toward a better understanding of the highest-risk teens

Sex differences in alcohol self-administration and relapse-like behavior in Long-Evans rats

Alcohol drinking during adolescence increases consumptive responses to alcohol in adulthood in Wistar rats

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