Age at Menarche and Menstrual Irregularities of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Δελτσίδου, Άννα

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2009.06.006

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have reported that if the age at onset of diabetes is less than 10 years, then menarche is delayed [17,19,29]. We found an inverse linear relationship between the age at onset of diabetes and age at menarche, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The numbers below the graph denote number of patients in the pre-menarcheal group/number of patients in the post-menarcheal group previous studies because no comparable studies have been reported. However, delayed menarche has been associated with other diseases and conditions such as irregular menstruation and other gynaecological disturbances [17]. In the general population, menarcheal age has been associated with several other conditions, such as pre-eclampsia, decreased bone mineral density, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer and cardiovascular disease [32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported delayed menstruation in young women with type 1 diabetes [17][18][19]. While some studies concluded that delayed menarche is related to poor glycaemic control, other studies have reported that menarche in type 1 diabetes is still delayed when there is good metabolic control [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes

2015

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among age at onset of diabetes, age at onset of menarche and risk of diabetic nephropathy and laser-treated retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Methods Data related to age at menarche were collected through questionnaires and were available for 1,304 women who participated in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). A possible association between age at menarche and diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy was investigated. Results There was an inverse relationship between the age at onset of diabetes and age at menarche: the younger the age at onset of diabetes, the higher the age at menarche (p<0.0001). A non-linear relationship between the age of menarche and risk of diabetic microvascular complications was found in patients with diabetes onset before menarche, but there was no such association in patients with diabetes onset after menarche. Women with delayed menarche (> mean age+2 years) had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.27, 4.17; p<0.006) times higher risk of nephropathy compared with the women who underwent menarche at the mean age±2 years. Delayed menarche also increased the risk of retinopathy (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.36, 4.01]). After excluding patients with nephropathy, the OR for retinopathy was 2.11 (95% CI 1.15, 3.90). Earlier menarche (< mean age−2 years) did not have any effect on this risk. Conclusions/interpretation Delayed menarche was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, whereas early menarche was not. Delayed menarche may be used as a new tool to identify women at risk of diabetic microvascular complications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes

2015

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“…Physiologically, the average menstrual cycle length during adolescence is approximately 32–34 days, and a normal menstrual cycle interval has been defined as between 21 and 45 days in the first 5 years following menarche (27, 28). Several studies that evaluated menstrual dysfunction during adolescence in girls with T1D used the 35 day criteria for the diagnosis of oligomenorrhea, which is close to physiologic duration of the menstrual cycle, and may report an exceedingly high prevalence of menstrual dysfunction as a result (15, 22, 23, 25). Gaete et al recently used the adolescent criteria of menstrual irregularities to prospectively study 56 adolescents with T1D treated with greater than or equal to three daily doses of insulin and 56 healthy adolescent girls (24).…”

Section: Puberty and Ovarian Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraception, and pregnancy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a review

2011

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Adolescence is a critical period for girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Reproductive issues, such as menstrual abnormalities, risk of an unplanned pregnancy, and contraception, should be addressed during this phase of life. This paper reviews several reproductive issues that are important in the care of adolescents, including pubertal development, menstrual abnormalities, ovulatory function, reproductive problems, the effects of hyperglycemia, contraception, and treatment of an unplanned pregnancy. A review of the literature was conducted. A MEDLINE search January 1966 to March 2011 was performed using the following MESH terms: puberty, menarche, ovary, polycystic ovary syndrome, menstruation, contraception, contraception-barrier, contraceptives-oral-hormonal, sex education, family planning services, and pregnancy in adolescence. This literature search was cross-referenced with an additional search on diabetes mellitus-type 1, diabetes complications, and pregnancy in diabetes. All published studies were searched regardless of the language of origin. Bibliographies were reviewed to extract additional relevant sources.

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“…Among those with diabetes, menarche was at 12.2 ± 1.4 versus 11.7 ± 1.2 years of age. Menarche occurred later among those diagnosed diabetic <10 years of age than in those diagnosed after this age …”

Section: Menstruation In Women With Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diabetes, menstruation, and the uterus

Hillson¹

2015

Pract Diab

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Age at Menarche and Menstrual Irregularities of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes

Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes

Contraception, and pregnancy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a review

Diabetes, menstruation, and the uterus

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