Age at gonadectomy, sex, and breed size affect risk of canine overweight and obese outcomes: a retrospective cohort study using data from United States primary care veterinary clinics

Benka, Valerie A.W.; Scarlett, Janet M.; Sahrmann, John M.; Rieke, Katherine; Briggs, Joyce R.; Ruple, Audrey; Zawistowski, S; Morrison, Jo Ann; Spofford, Nathaniel; Romagnoli, Stefano

doi:10.2460/javma.22.12.0596

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Owners of dogs in this population were offered various wellness plans, which consist of prepaid packages of services that can reduce the cost of clinic visits and some diagnostic tests, including radiographs. Enrollment in such a wellness plan has previously been suggested to be a risk factor for detection bias ( 38 ), and in this study, it was strongly associated with OA diagnosis. Dogs with a wellness plan had far more clinic visits and were more likely to have radiographs than dogs not enrolled in such a plan (data not shown), likely leading to a higher rate of detection of OA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Both weight and desexing are independent risk factors of OA. However, it has been reported that dogs that are desexed may be more likely to develop obesity ( 22 , 38 ), which may increase the risk of OA. To test if the influence of higher body weight on OA-free survival differed by desexing status, the interaction between adult weight and desexing status was tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neutering is also an established risk factor for obesity ( 16 , 22 , 23 , 38 ), and it is possible that one way in which neutering increases OA risk is by increasing the propensity for overweight and obesity. Because of challenges in the interpretation of BCS scores, it was difficult to compare the occurrence of overweight and obesity between intact and neutered dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

Graves,

McKenzie,

Koch

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate age, sex, body weight, breed, neuter status, and age at neutering as risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs.AnimalsDogs seen as patients at Banfield Pet Hospital in the United States from 1998 to 2019 with a date of death in 2019. The final cohort consisted of 131,140 dogs.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, Cox proportional hazard models were used to test for associations between osteoarthritis incidence and age at baseline, sex, maximum body weight, maximum body condition score, neuter status, and age at neutering. The same model was used to test these associations in 12 representative breeds, chosen based on breed weight and sample size.ResultsOlder age, higher adult body weight, gonadectomy, and younger age at gonadectomy were significantly associated with higher risks of osteoarthritis in the total cohort and in all 12 breeds evaluated. Higher body condition scores and sex were also significantly associated with osteoarthritis but with minimal effect sizes in the overall cohort, and these risk factors were not consistently significant in all breeds tested.Clinical relevanceThese results will assist veterinarians in identifying dogs at higher risk for osteoarthritis and applying appropriate diagnostic, preventative, and treatment interventions. An understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors, such as body condition and neutering, will support evidence-based discussions with dog owners about risk management in individual patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

Graves,

McKenzie,

Koch

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

Graves,

McKenzie,

Koch

et al. 2023

Preprint

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OBJECTIVETo evaluate age, sex, body weight, breed, neuter status, and age at neutering as risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogsANIMALSDogs seen as patients at Banfield Pet Hospital in the United States from 1998-2019 with a date of death in 2019. The final cohort consisted of 131,140 dogs.METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, Cox proportional hazard models were used to test for associations between osteoarthritis incidence and age at baseline, sex, maximum body weight, maximum body condition score, neuter status, and age at neutering. The same model was used to test these associations in 12 representative breeds, chosen based on breed weight and sample size.RESULTSOlder age, higher adult body weight, gonadectomy, and younger age at gonadectomy were significantly associated with higher risks of osteoarthritis in the total cohort and in all 12 breeds evaluated. Higher body condition score and sex were also significantly associated with osteoarthritis but with minimal effect sizes in the overall cohort, and these risk factors were not consistently significant in all breeds tested.CLINICAL RELEVANCEThese results will assist veterinarians in identifying dogs at higher risk for osteoarthritis and applying appropriate diagnostic, preventative, and treatment interventions. An understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors, such as body condition, and neutering, will support evidence-based discussions with dog owners about risk management in individual patients.

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Age at gonadectomy, sex, and breed size affect risk of canine overweight and obese outcomes: a retrospective cohort study using data from United States primary care veterinary clinics

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs

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