Age at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alizadeh, Mahasti; Ghojazadeh, Morteza; Piri, Reza; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Mohammadi, Sahar; Naghavi-Behzad, Mohammad

doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i8.6802

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The incidence rate of breast cancer for the study period among the female population in Kazakhstan varied from 4.5 to 7.2 cases per 10,000 persons. Age trends of breast cancer diagnosis vary slightly among the Asian and European countries; in Saudi Arabia, it is 55.68 years; in Iran, it is 46.76 ± 1.19 years, while in the USA, it is 63 years, and the global trend is 62 years old ( 17 , 18 ). The average age of patients with BC in the republic of Kazakhstan during the study period was 55.7 ± 12.0 years and corresponds with the global trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Health System, 2014–2019

Midlenko

Mussina

Zhakhina

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAlthough there are numerous sources of epidemiologic information on breast cancer in Kazakhstan, none of them have specifically examined the burden of this disease. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the breast cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and distribution and changes over time in Kazakhstan based on nationwide large-scale healthcare data from the National Registry in order to encourage more research on the impact of various diseases at the regional and national levels.MethodsThe study cohort included all adult women older than 25 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer in any clinical setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014–2019. The data were extracted from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (UNEHS) to get an overview of descriptive statistics, incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate calculations and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. All survival functions and factors associated with mortality were tested for significance.ResultsThe cohort population (n = 55,465) comprised subjects with the age at the diagnosis of breast cancer from 25 to 97 years, with a mean of 55.7 ± 12.0 years. The majority of the study population belonged to the age group 45–59 years, which is 44.8% of the cohort. The all-cause mortality rate of the cohort is 16%. The prevalence rate increased from 30.4 per 10,000 population in 2014 to 50.6 in 2019. The incidence rate varied from 4.5 per 10,000 population in 2015 to 7.3 in 2016. Mortality rates were stable and high in the senile age patients (75–89 years old). Breast cancer mortality was positively associated with women who had been diagnosed with diabetes, HR 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1–2.3), whereas it was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, HR 0.4 (95% CI, 0.4–0.5).ConclusionOverall, Kazakhstan is experiencing an increase in the incidence of breast cancer cases, but the mortality rate has started to decline. The switch to population mammography screening could reduce the breast cancer mortality rate. These findings should be utilized to help Kazakhstan determine what cancer control priorities should be utilized, including the need to implement efficient and affordable screening and prevention programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Health System, 2014–2019

Midlenko

Mussina

Zhakhina

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…In Iran also, breast cancer is the more frequent female malignancy and constitutes one fourth of all cancers in the country [2,3]. The mean age of breast cancer is lower in Iran than in western countries, and has been shown to be around 46 years of age [4]. The agestandardized incidence rate of the disease has followed an increasing pattern in recent years, a three-fold increment from 7.5-20 to 36-52 cases in 100,000 persons has been detected from 1990 to 2016, respectively [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need assessment for the content of educational programs about breast cancer from the viewpoint of unaffected women

et al. 2023

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Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and early diagnosis is possible in case the patients seek medical attention on time. For this to come true, they must know about the existence and risks of the disease and be aware of the appropriate attitude and actions toward prevention or early diagnosis. However, we see that women have unanswered questions about these issues. In this study, we sought to investigate healthy women’s information needs about breast cancer from their own perspective. Methods This prospective study was carried out by using the maximum variation sampling, and theoretical saturation to reach sample saturation. Women who came to different clinics of Arash Women’s Hospital (except the Breast Clinic) during two months were entered in the study. Participants were asked to write down all the questions and subjects they would like to be explained in a breast cancer educational program. The questions were reviewed and categorized after every fifteen consecutive forms were filled until there was not even one new question. Afterwards, all the questions were reviewed and matched based on their similarity and repeated items were eliminated. Finally, questions were organized according to their common topics and the range of details they comprised. Results Sixty patients were included in the study, and 194 questions were gathered and categorized according to common scientific terms, resulting in 63 questions in 5 categories. Conclusions Many studies have been conducted on breast cancer education, but none have addressed healthy women's personal queries. This study outlines the questions of unaffected women about breast cancer that need to be addressed in educational programs. The results can be used for development of educational material at community level. Trial registration: This study was conducted as the preliminary phase of a study approved in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Approval Code 99-1-101-46,455) and by the Ethics Committee of the University (Ethical Code IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1399.105).

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“…In Iran, about 16% of all cancers are related to breast cancer. Iranian women get the disease at least a decade earlier than women in developed countries ( 4 , 5 ). Unfortunately, breast cancer is more commonly diagnosed in advanced stages in Iran, and the epidemiology and histopathology of breast cancer in Iranian patients are different from neighboring countries ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Factors Affecting on Recurrence, Metastasis, and Survival of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women by Multi-State Model Approach

Mousavi,

Hajizadeh,

Rasekhi

et al. 2023

ijph

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Background: We used the multistate model to investigate how prognostic factors of breast cancer are seen to affect the disease process. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Motamed Cancer Institute of Tehran, Iran on 2363 breast cancer patients admitted from 1978 to 2017, and they were followed up until 2018. We applied the multistate models, including four states: diagnosis, recurrence, metastasis, and final absorbing mortality state. Results: Age over 50 years, positive lymph nodes and tumor size intensified the hazard of transition from diagnosis to metastasis (P=0.002, P<0.001 and P=0.001 respectively) and they also intensified the hazard of transition from diagnosis to mortality (P=0.010, P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). At the same time, the educational level decreased the hazard of mentioned transitions (P<0.001). Positive estrogen receptors reduced the hazard of transition from diagnosis to metastasis (P=0.007) and positive lymph nodes also intensified the hazard of transition from metastasis to mortality (P=0.040). Tumor size had an increasing role in the transitions from diagnosis to recurrence, recurrence to metastasis, and metastasis to mortality (P=0.014, P=0.018 and P=0.002 respectively). Conclusion: Multistate model presented the detailed effects of prognostic factors on progression of breast cancer. Implementing early diagnosis strategies and providing informational programs, especially in younger ages and lower educational level patients may be helpful in reducing the hazard of transition to higher states of breast cancer and increasing the survival of Iranian women with breast cancer by controlling tumor size growth, lymph nodes involvements and estrogen receptor status.

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Age at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Health System, 2014–2019

Prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of breast cancer in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Health System, 2014–2019

Need assessment for the content of educational programs about breast cancer from the viewpoint of unaffected women

Evaluation Factors Affecting on Recurrence, Metastasis, and Survival of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women by Multi-State Model Approach

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