Age-associated increase in mnemonic strategy use is linked to prefrontal cortex development

Yu, Qijing; McCall, Dana M; Homayouni, Roya; Tang, Lingfei; Chen, Zhijian; Schoff, Daniel; Nishimura, Mayu; Raz, Sarah; Ofen, Noa

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.008

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We take all this as an indication that the strategic 427 component in children is not as mature as in adolescents and adults: Whereas adolescents and adults can 428 use their strategic abilities to enhance their memory performance, children did not seem to be able to do 429 this. These results are nicely in line with recent work demonstrating that age-related increases in 430 mnemonic strategies is linked to the development of the PFC (Yu et al, 2018). 431…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Differences in strategic abilities but not associative processes explain memory development

Mueller

Kohn

Buuren

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1Children's learning capabilities change while growing up. One framework that describes the cognitive and 2 neural development of children's growing learning abilities is the two-component model. It distinguishes 3 processes that integrate separate features into a coherent memory representation (associative 4 component) and executive abilities, such as elaboration, evaluation and monitoring, that support memory 5 processing (strategic component). In an fMRI study using an object-location association paradigm, we 6 investigated how the two components influence memory performance across development. We tested 7 children (10-12 yrs., n=31), late adolescents (18 yrs., n=29) and adults (25+ yrs., n=30) of either sex. For 8 studying the associative component, we also probed how the utilisation of prior knowledge (schemas) 9facilitates memory across age groups. Children had overall lower retrieval performance, while adolescents 10 and adults did not differ from each other. All groups benefitted from schemas, but this effect did not differ 11 between groups. Performance differences between groups were associated with deactivation of the 12 dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which in turn was linked to executive functioning. These patterns 13were stronger in adolescents and adults and seemed absent in children. This pattern of results suggests 14 the children's executive system, the strategic component, is not as mature and thus cannot facilitate 15 memory performance in the same way as in adolescents/adults. In contrast, we did not find age-related 16 differences in the associative component; with activity in the angular gyrus predicting memory 17 performance systematically across groups. Overall our results suggest that differences of executive rather 18 than associative abilities explain memory differences between children, adolescents and adults. 19

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Differences in strategic abilities but not associative processes explain memory development

Mueller

Kohn

Buuren

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The varying level of engagement between the posterior hippocampus and different PFC subregions found in the current study can be understood in the context of the PFC facilitating strategy use. During memory formation, the PFC supports spontaneous use of elaborative mnemonic strategies, and the volume of dorsolateral regions of the PFC has been shown to mediate age-related increases in strategy use in a memory task (Yu et al, 2018). It is, therefore, possible that the shifting connectivity pattern between the hippocampus and PFC subregions underlie changes in the utilization of memory strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Functional Connectivity in Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus Supporting the Development of Memory Formation

Tang

Pruitt

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the development of the hippocampus, a brain structure critical for memory function, contributes to the improvements of episodic memory between middle childhood to adulthood. However, investigations on age differences in hippocampal activation and functional connectivity and their contributions to the development of memory have yielded mixed results. Given the known structural and functional heterogeneity along the long axis of the hippocampus, we investigated age differences in the activation and functional connectivity in hippocampal subregions with a cross-sectional sample of 96 participants ages 8-25 years. We found that anterior and posterior hippocampus supported memory formation, and there was overall stability in memory-related hippocampal activation with age. Without taking account of memory outcome, direct contrast between subregions showed higher functional connectivity of anterior, compared to the posterior hippocampus, with regions in the inferior frontal and lateral temporal lobes, and higher functional connectivity of posterior, compared to the anterior hippocampus, with regions in the medial and superior frontal, inferior parietal, and occipital lobes. A direct contrast between the memory-related connectivity patterns of anterior and posterior hippocampus identified a region in the medial frontal cortex, with which anterior and posterior hippocampus was differentially functionally connected. Finally, we identified age differences in memory-related differential hippocampal functional connectivity with several frontal and visual/sensory cortices, underscoring the importance of examining age differences in the patterns of hippocampal connectivity. Moreover, the specific patterns of differential anterior and posterior functional connectivity indicate an increase in the functional specialization along the long axis of the hippocampus and a dynamic shift in hippocampal connectivity patterns that supports memory development.

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“…As discussed by Kuhlmann & Touron (2016), list-based clustering measures would be more representative of clustering success than output-based clustering measures such as the "adjusted ratio of clustering" (Roenker, Thompson, & Brown, 1971). Indeed, the LBSCI does not only consider the number of semantic category repetitions in the recall output, but also the number and size of the clusters relative to the number and size of categories on the original list (see also Taconnat et al, 2009;Yu, McCall, Homayouni, Tang, Chen, Schoff, et al, 2018). A LBSCI of 0 indicates chance clustering while positive values indicate significant semantic clustering.…”

Section: Measures and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

What eye movements reveal about strategy encoding of words in younger and older adults

Taconnat

Morel

Sastoque

et al. 2020

Memory

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The main goal of this study was to explore the organizational strategies used by younger and older adults when encoding words, using eye-tracking. Participants had to learn a set of organizable words and then a set of non-organizable words, each presented on a single display. Participants were then asked to recall the words of each set in the order in which they came to their mind. Hence, the participants' encoding strategies revealed by eye-tracking could be directly related to their subsequent memory performance. The results confirmed the detrimental impact of aging on memory and the weaker use of organizational strategies by older adults during the recall phase. The eye-tracking data showed that when they encode the words, older adults do not look at them for as long as younger adults, probably because of slower eye movements. They also revealed that compared to younger adults, older adults were much less able to adapt their word scanning strategy according to whether the words to encode were organizable or not. Finally, the relationships that were found between the recall scores and the eye-tracking data suggest that the eye movement pattern at learning can predict how people will recall the words.

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Age-associated increase in mnemonic strategy use is linked to prefrontal cortex development

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Differences in strategic abilities but not associative processes explain memory development

Differences in strategic abilities but not associative processes explain memory development

Differential Functional Connectivity in Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus Supporting the Development of Memory Formation

What eye movements reveal about strategy encoding of words in younger and older adults

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