Age‐associated Changes in the Skin

Gilchrest, Barbara A.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1982.tb01289.x

Cited by 119 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In the dermis, EGF plays a critical role in fibroblasts by stimulating the production of collagen through the activation of EGFR. Whereas younger dermal fibroblasts have an adequate capacity for ECM remodeling, aged dermal fibroblasts are present in fewer numbers and exhibit a decreased capacity for collagen synthesis (19). Consistent with these data, aged dermal fibroblasts within the ECM exhibit reduced EGFR expression, which is associated with decreased cell migration and proliferation, and ultimately the loss of flexibility and elasticity, as well as poor mechanical tension (20,21).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices

Kim

Mun

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Abstract. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a critical role in fibroblasts by stimulating the production of collagen and supports cell renewal through the interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is well known that the contractile activity of fibroblasts is required for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which contributes to skin elasticity. However, the role of EGF in the contraction of aged fibroblasts under 3-dimensional (3D) culture conditions is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that young fibroblasts spread and proliferated more rapidly than aged fibroblasts under 2-dimensional (2D) culture conditions. Cell migration assay using a nested collagen matrix revealed that the migration of young fibroblasts was also greater than that of aged fibroblasts under 3D culture conditions. However, the addition of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) resulted in the enhanced migration of aged fibroblasts; the migration rate was similar to that of the young fibroblasts. The aged fibroblasts showed decreased cluster formation compared with the young fibroblasts on the collagen matrix, which was improved by the addition of rhEGF. Furthermore, cell contraction assay revealed that the basal contractility of the aged fibroblasts was lower than that of the young fibroblasts; however, following treatment with rhEGF, the contractility was restored to levels similar or even higher to those of the young fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that rhEGF is a potential renewal agent that acts to improve the migration and contraction of aged fibroblasts more efficiently than young fibroblasts under 3D culture conditions; thus, EGF may have valuable regenerative effects on aged skin. IntroductionSkin aging is a biological process that involves cutaneous aging and photo-aging, both of which are associated with harmful environmental insults, including UV radiation, heat, gravity and smoking (1). More specifically, cutaneous aging comprises the loss of elasticity, which causes wrinkling of the skin through the deprivation of extracellular matrix (ECM) (2,3). Treatments for skin aging include herbal extracts, vitamins and growth factors, which have been established to promote ECM protein synthesis and to reduce degradation enzymes of the ECM, thereby delaying the progression of skin aging (4-6).Several growth factors and cytokines are involved in the regulation of skin homeostasis and development (7), all of which are important for the preservation of cutaneous functions by acting as autocrine and paracrine factors (8). Furthermore, several recombinant cytokines and growth factors are currently used in clinical practice to treat patients with various diseases. These cytokines and growth factors control the regulatory functions of several powerful and complex signaling networks. Among these, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) command a wide spectrum of diverse biological effects, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, hair folli...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices

Kim

Mun

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…[21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Age related changes to muscle structure and function have also been described. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Other researchers have studied the age related changes as they pertain to lip length and maxillary incisor exposure; however, to our knowledge this is the first study to examine a comprehensive list of smile parameters with respect to age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, with age, dermal alterations are also seen in collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Skin collagen has been shown to decrease linearly at a rate of approximately 1%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic smile analysis: Changes with age

Desai¹,

Upadhyay

Nanda

2009

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

154

158

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“…inner side of the upper arm). Intrinsically aged skin is characterised by smoothness, dryness, pale color and fine wrinkling (Gilchrest, 1982), whereas extrinsically aged skin shows specific histological changes and is clinically characterised by deep wrinkles and multiple pigmentary changes [reviewed in (Makrantonaki and Zouboulis, 2007c)]. …”

Section: Skin Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and brain age together: The role of hormones in the ageing process

Makrantonaki

Schönknecht

Hossini

et al. 2010

Experimental Gerontology

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The importance of the endocrine environment in the initiation of the ageing process has been elucidated in several in vivo an in vitro studies. Changes in endocrine pathways accompany healthy ageing, these include the growth hormone /insulin like growth factor-I axis (somatopause) and that of sexual hormones, namely estradiol (menopause), testosterone (andropause), and dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate (adrenopause). The clinical significance of these changes is variable and results in morphological and functional alterations of all organ systems including the skin and the central nervous system. Moreover, the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases such as epithelial skin cancer and neurodegenerative diseases has been partly attributed to the lack of hormones. Several studies have been conducted in an attempt to reverse the ageing process and clinical signs by substitution of the serum hormone levels in older individuals, however the benefits of hormone replacement therapy, if any, are still controversial. On the other hand, recent data suggest that skin is a window to the human organism and represents an adequate model for ageing research, also implying the use of skin samples for evaluating the ageing status of the central nervous system.

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Age‐associated Changes in the Skin

Cited by 119 publications

References 25 publications

Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices

Epidermal growth factor improves the migration and contractility of aged fibroblasts cultured on 3D collagen matrices

Dynamic smile analysis: Changes with age

Skin and brain age together: The role of hormones in the ageing process

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