Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12–36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment

Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar; Iwaki, Yoko; Yoneoka, Daisuke; Hashizume, Masahiro; Nomura, Shuhei

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11841-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other studies observed a similar pattern. In Nepal, for instance, age-appropriate pentavalent coverage dropped from 74% at the first dose to 42% at the third dose 36 ; in China, age-appropriate coverage for measles decreased from 77% to 68% from the first to the second dose, respectively 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage and determinants of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: a longitudinal analysis

Araújo,

Correia,

Lima

et al. 2024

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Brazil has seen a decrease in vaccination coverage since 2016. This study analyzes the immunization status of children born during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. This is a longitudinal analysis that included vaccination data of 313 children aged 12 and 18 months. Vaccination cards were checked for dose application considering the schedule of immunization recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Factors associated with no retention of vaccination cards and incomplete immunization by 18 months were identified by Tobit regression analysis. About 73% of mothers presented their child’s vaccination card. Non-availability of vaccination cards was associated with maternal age < 25 years and mothers with paid jobs. Only 33% and 45% of the children aged 12 and 18 months had all vaccines up to date, respectively. For 3-dose vaccines, the delay rate was around 10% for the first dose application, but 40% for the third dose. Despite delays, most children with available vaccine cards had coverage above 90% by 18 months of age. Adjusted factors associated with incomplete vaccination included living in a household with more than one child (p = 0.010) and monthly income of less than one minimum wage (p = 0.006). Therefore, delays in child vaccine application were high during the COVID-19 pandemic but a considerable uptake by 18 months of age was found. Poorer families with more than one child were particularly at risk of not fully immunizing their children and should be the target of public policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage and determinants of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: a longitudinal analysis

Araújo,

Correia,

Lima

et al. 2024

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…Although these services are free of cost nationwide and is considered one of the highly successful model programme with 85% coverage. 29 Majority of the children were vaccinated according to EPI, but still 13% hasn't been vaccinated and 47% children haven't been provided Vitamin A prophylaxis, although the services are free of cost. This shows the huge gap between the knowledge and services of public health program.…”

Section: Fig: Age Groups Of the Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Health Diagnosis: Participatory First Step Field Study in Primary Health among Deprived Community of Chandrapur Municipality of Madhesh Province in Nepal

Khayamali,

Patel,

Prasad

et al. 2024

Journal of Ayurveda Campus

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Background: Community health diagnosis is a continuous process which address the health challenges and needs of a particular community. The health needs of a community are ever changing process which evaluates the success of implementation of any health program as well as the development of the community. The public health is affected by the knowledge and practices of multiple factors like maternal and child health care, family welfare, personal hygiene and sanitation and available health infrastructure and services. These factors indicated the health status of the community. In our knowledge, there might be gap in delivering public health to the community. Hence, the study conducted to assess the different community health parameters of the selected area which included demographic data, maternal and child health, family welfare, daily activities (dinacharya), personal hygiene and sanitation, awareness of COVID-19 and vaccination and health institutions and facilities. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by face-to-face interview among the 229 household of ward 2 and 8 of Chandrapur Municipality, Rautahat district, Madhesh Province of Nepal, using semi-structured questionnaire with inclusion of community health parameters. The convenient sampling method was used for the study. Verbal informed consent was taken from the respondent as well as the local administrative office before commencing the study. The data was collected in the month of May, 2023. Results and Conclusion: The result showed that the community health status of the study area was satisfactory but still there is huge gap between the needs, services and their utilization. Although maximum children are vaccinated according to EPI, unvaccinated children were also significantly present; whereas, though most of the people used latrine for defecation, open defecation still persisted and some resident still used mud/earth or ash or only water for hand washing. Similarly, in other health related behavior there persisted the unhealthy practices. Conclusion: The various related stakeholder of the community should work efficiently to mitigate the gap between health problems and needs in the community. The health program should be specially planned, implemented and analyzed in the deprived and marginalized area of the society to address the disparity in the social, economic and health needs.

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“…Smallpox, measles, and poliomyelitis have all been eradicated worldwide because of immunization programmes. 1,2 Morbidity and mortality linked to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis have also decreased. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.5 million children still lose their lives each year to diseases that can be prevented by vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 At the same time, 20 million people still experience vaccine inaccessibility worldwide. 2 The resurgence of diseases which can be prevented by vaccines such as measles in the USA, Mongolia and other counties has stressed that not just vaccination coverage but also the administration of vaccines on time is important in order to ensure effective immunization. 7,8 Currently, EPI Pakistan provides protection against nine different preventable antigens free of cost to all children from birth to 15 months of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Age-Appropriate Vaccination in Children Till 15 Months of Age Admitted at the Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Mustafa¹,

Mustafa²,

Kumar³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Objective: To determine the frequency of age-appropriate vaccination till 15 months of age at Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi Pakistan. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Inpatient department of the Aga Khan University Hospital from Nov 2019 to Nov 2020 Methodology: All children admitted to the pediatric ward and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. A predesigned proforma was used to collect data on the basic demographics of children and parents, their socioeconomic status, parental education, occupation, and vaccination status. The age-appropriate vaccination was defined as children who had received the vaccination, according to their age as per the expanded program of immunization (EPI) schedule of Pakistan. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 350 admitted children, 222 (63.4%) were males and 128 (36.6%) were females. Most of the children were vaccinated (95.7%), while 4.3% were not vaccinated. Among vaccinated children, 63.7% had not received age-appropriate vaccination, and only 127 (36.3%) had age-appropriate vaccination. Statistically, the employment status of mothers (p=0.001) and educational level of mothers (p=0.001) and fathers (p=0.001) were significantly associated with age-appropriate vaccination in children of age up to 15 months. Conclusion: Despite having a high vaccination coverage rate, the proportion of age-appropriate vaccination was lower. The factors associated with age-appropriate vaccination were the employment status of the mother and the educational status of the parents. Vaccination programmes should work on identified risk factors in order to improve age-appropriate vaccination coverage. Keywords: Age appropriate vaccination, immunization, vaccination card

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Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12–36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Coverage and determinants of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: a longitudinal analysis

Coverage and determinants of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: a longitudinal analysis

Community Health Diagnosis: Participatory First Step Field Study in Primary Health among Deprived Community of Chandrapur Municipality of Madhesh Province in Nepal

Frequency of Age-Appropriate Vaccination in Children Till 15 Months of Age Admitted at the Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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