Age‐appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are associated with child nutrition in <scp>I</scp>ndia: insights from nationally representative data

Menon, Purnima; Bamezai, Apurva; Subandoro, Ali Winoto; Ayoya, Mohamed Ag; Aguayo, Víctor M.

doi:10.1111/mcn.12036

Cited by 95 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported in India [51] and Malaysia [14]. This was probably due to the widespread breast feeding practices among the respondents who were Malays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study

2014

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BackgroundChildhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem. An increase in household income is not sufficient to reduce childhood malnutrition if children are deprived of food security, education, access to water, sanitation and health services. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of malnourished children below five years of age and to ascertain the risk factors of childhood malnutrition in a state in Malaysia.MethodsA case control study was conducted in the maternal and child health clinics in five districts of Terengganu, Malaysia from April to August 2012. Case was a child with moderate to severe malnutrition with z-scores < −2SD from the median of WHO reference. Control was a child without malnutrition with z-scores between -2SD and +2SD and the age matched with case’s. Face to face interviews with the respective child’s mother and measurements of the respective child’s weight and height were carried out. Information on socio-economic characteristics, household food security status, child’s dietary intake, caregivers’ practices and resources were enquired. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were calculated.ResultsA total of 274 children with 137 cases and 137 controls were recruited. All respondents were Malays. Among the cases, a larger proportion of them was female and originated from low income families. After adjusting all confounders, childhood malnutrition was significantly associated with number of children (aOR: 5.86, 95% CI: 1.96, 17.55), child hunger (aOR: 16.38, 95% CI: 1.34,199.72), dietary energy intake (aOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), protein intake (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), vitamin A intake (aOR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.997, 1.00), low birth weight (aOR: 6.83, 95% CI: 1.62, 28.89), frequent illness (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.06, 7.31), and history of worm infection (aOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.25, 9.70).ConclusionsLower socio-economic status, household food insecurity, and poor child caring practices were associated with childhood malnutrition. Besides implementation of programmes focusing on poverty reduction, community based nutrition and hygiene education with extensive family planning and de-worming programmes should be intensified to improve both mother and children’s nutritional status.

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“…Similar findings were reported in India [51] and Malaysia [14]. This was probably due to the widespread breast feeding practices among the respondents who were Malays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study

2014

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“…Dietary diversity reduced the incidence of stunting and improved height-for-age scores in a study 58 of more than 18 000 infants in southern India, and similar results are reported for Cambodia, 59 where consumption of animal products was also found to be protective.…”

Section: Nutrition Policies To Promote Healthy Growthsupporting

confidence: 75%

Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture

et al. 2015

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The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has risen substantially worldwide in less than one generation. In the USA, the average weight of a child has risen by more than 5 kg within three decades, to a point where a third of the country’s children are overweight or obese. Some low-income and middle-income countries have reported similar or more rapid rises in child obesity, despite continuing high levels of undernutrition. Nutrition policies to tackle child obesity need to promote healthy growth and household nutrition security and protect children from inducements to be inactive or to overconsume foods of poor nutritional quality. The promotion of energy-rich and nutrient-poor products will encourage rapid weight gain in early childhood and exacerbate risk factors for chronic disease in all children, especially those showing poor linear growth. Whereas much public health effort has been expended to restrict the adverse marketing of breastmilk substitutes, similar effort now needs to be expanded and strengthened to protect older children from increasingly sophisticated marketing of sedentary activities and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. To meet this challenge, the governance of food supply and food markets should be improved and commercial activities subordinated to protect and promote children’s health.

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“…Dietary diversity indicators consistently show positive relationships with child LAZ in many contexts (40)(41)(42) . Similar to findings from other studies (18,43,44) , the number of meals and snacks consumed in the previous day was also positively associated with child LAZ.…”

Section: Associations Of Infant and Child Feeding Index With Child Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

The production diversity of subsistence farms in the Bolivian Andes is associated with the quality of child feeding practices as measured by a validated summary feeding index

Jones

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the validity of a summary infant and child feeding index (ICFI) and the association with the index of factors related to agricultural production. Design: A cross-sectional survey in eight health-post jurisdictions identified as priority nutrition regions. All households with children aged 6-23 months in eligible communities were administered an integrated survey on agricultural production and nutrition-related practices. Quantitative 24 h dietary recall, food frequency data and anthropometric measurements were collected for each child. Ninety-one per cent of eligible families participated. Setting: The northern region of the Potosí department in the Bolivian highlands. Subjects: Two hundred and fifty-one households with children aged 6-23 months. Results: In multiple regression models controlling for potential confounding variables, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices as measured by an ICFI showed positive associations with child length-for-age Z-score (mean difference of 0?47 in length-for-age Z-score between children in the high ICFI tertile compared with the low tertile), child energy intake (mean difference of 1500 kJ between tertiles) and the micronutrient adequacy of child diets (mean difference of 7?2 % in mean micronutrient density adequacy between tertiles; P , 0?05). Examining determinants of IYCF practices, mother's education, livestock ownership and the crop diversity of farms were positively associated with the ICFI, while amount of agricultural land cultivated was negatively associated with the ICFI. Crop diversity and IYCF practices were more strongly positively correlated among households at high elevations. Conclusions: Nutrition-sensitive investments in agriculture that aim to diversify subsistence agricultural production could plausibly benefit the adequacy of child diets. Keywords Infant and child feedingChild anthropometry Agriculture Crop diversity NutritionIn 2011, at least 165 million children under the age of 5 years suffered from linear growth faltering worldwide, a consequence of chronic undernutrition (1) . Chronic nutritional deficiencies in childhood can lead to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (2,3) , as well as impaired growth and cognitive development, diminished reproductive and work capacity, poor school performance, lowered income-earning potential and an increased risk of several adult-onset chronic diseases (4,5) . The diets of children in their first years are predominantly determined by the decisions and behaviours of their mothers and other household members who feed and care for them. Caregivers' breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices then are essential to the healthy growth and development of children early in life.Providing education, counselling and complementary foods to caregivers has been shown to improve infant and young children feeding (IYCF) practices in many settings (6) . However, very little evidence is available to evaluate nutrition-sensitive approaches to improving these practices; that i...

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Age‐appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are associated with child nutrition in India: insights from nationally representative data

Cited by 95 publications

References 30 publications

Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study

Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study

Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture

The production diversity of subsistence farms in the Bolivian Andes is associated with the quality of child feeding practices as measured by a validated summary feeding index

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