Age and vitamin D affect the magnitude of the antibody response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine

Piec, Isabelle; Cook, Laura; Dervisevic, Samir; Fraser, William D.; Ruetten, Scott; Berman, Mones; English, Emma; John, W. Garry

doi:10.1016/j.retram.2022.103344

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…No significant differences were found in the dynamic increase or decrease of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG as a function of 25(OH)D status. In contrast, a study of UK healthcare workers reported that antibody response to immunisation was significantly affected by vitamin D status with a 29.3% greater peak antibody response in individuals with 25(OH)D >50 nmol/L [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

et al. 2022

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Vitamin D, when activated to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, is a steroid hormone that induces responses in several hundred genes, including many involved in immune responses to infection. Without supplementation, people living in temperate zones commonly become deficient in the precursor form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, during winter, as do people who receive less sunlight exposure or those with darker skin pigmentation. Studies performed pre‐COVID‐19 have shown significant but modest reduction in upper respiratory infections in people receiving regular daily vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency, like the risk of severe COVID‐19, is linked with darker skin colour and also with obesity. Greater risk from COVID‐19 has been associated with reduced ultraviolet exposure. Various studies have examined serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, either historical or current, in patients with COVID‐19. The results of these studies have varied but the majority have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of COVID‐19 illness or severity. Interventional studies of vitamin D supplementation have so far been inconclusive. Trial protocols commonly allow control groups to receive low‐dose supplementation that may be adequate for many. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity in patients with existing COVID‐19 are further complicated by the frequent use of large bolus dose vitamin D to achieve rapid effects, even though this approach has been shown to be ineffective in other settings. As the pandemic passes into its third year, a substantial role of vitamin D deficiency in determining the risk from COVID‐19 remains possible but unproven.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

et al. 2022

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“…Finally, based on the VD immunomodulatory effects, a possible role of hypovitaminosis D in regulating the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response and the possible VD deficiency-related vaccine side effects [ 71 ], should be investigated, although recent findings on anti-COVID vaccination and previous studies on other vaccinations reported contrasting results [ 72 – 76 ].…”

Section: Hypocalcemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: an update

et al. 2022

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“…Null results from the current intervention study are in keeping with those from two observational studies in the field [19, 20], but contrast with findings from two others that report positive results. Of these, one reported an association between higher post-vaccination anti-S titres and circulating 25(OH)D concentrations of more than 50 nmol/L in a cohort of health care workers [18]. The other, a population-based study conducted in UK adults, found an independent association between vitamin D supplement use and reduced risk of anti-S seronegativity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, these findings provide a rationale for investigating whether vitamin D replacement might enhance immunogenicity and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults with sub-optimal vitamin D status [15, 16]. Several observational studies have investigated associations between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity, but these have yielded conflicting results: some report higher post-vaccination titres of anti-Spike antibodies in individuals using vitamin D supplements or having higher circulating 25(OH)D concentrations [17, 18], but others have yielded null findings [19, 20]. An opportunity to investigate this question using an interventional study design arose when we conducted a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of vitamin D supplements for prevention of acute respiratory infection in UK adults (CORONAVIT) [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity

Jolliffe

Vivaldi

Chambers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and Aims: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D supplements might boost immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: We conducted three sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated effects of offering vitamin D supplements at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU per day vs. no offer on risk of acute respiratory infections, including COVID-19, in UK adults with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations under 75 nmol/L. Sub-study 1 (n=2808) investigated effects of vitamin D supplementation on risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sub-study 2 (n=1853) investigated effects of vitamin D supplementation on titres of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies in eluates of dried blood spots collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sub-study 3 (n=100) investigated effects of vitamin D supplementation on neutralising antibody and cellular responses in venous blood samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Results: 1945/2823 (69.3%) sub-study 1 participants received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford AstraZeneca); the remainder received two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Vitamin D supplementation did not influence risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (800 IU per day vs. no offer: adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.84; 3200 IU per day vs. no offer: 1.17, 0.81 to 1.70). Neither did it influence IgGAM anti-Spike titres, neutralising antibody titres or interferon-gamma concentrations in supernatants of S peptide-stimulated whole blood. Conclusions: Among adults with sub-optimal baseline vitamin D status, vitamin D replacement at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU per day did not influence protective efficacy or immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04579640.

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Age and vitamin D affect the magnitude of the antibody response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

The osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: an update

Influence of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity

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