“…This research often focuses on sound as just one aspect of multimedia learning, building on Paivio's dual coding theory and the tripartite memory model. There is a presumption that multimedia modality is superior; audio-only modality no longer receives wide scrutiny (Crooks et al, 2012;Koroghlanian & Klein, 2004;Mayer & Moreno, 2002;Mayer & Sims, 1994;Moreno & Mayer, 1999, 2000Mousavi et al, 1995;Tabbers, Martens, & van Merrienboer, 2001. Likewise, given a choice between audio-only and multimedia objects, nursing students may select media-rich items, rather than audio-only format materials, also assuming that its value for their education will be enhanced (Pilarski, Johnstone, Pettepher, & Osheroff, 2008;Shantikumar, 2011).…”