Age- and Stroke-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes

Sions, Jaclyn Megan; Tyrell, Christine M.; Knarr, Brian A.; Jancosko, Angela; Binder‐Macleod, Stuart A.

doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e318236db92

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…10,11,38 However, caution should be exercised when interpreting US-obtained multifidi CSA among older adults. While US may be valid for assessing multifidi CSA, given that intramuscular fat is increased with both aging 39 and CLBP 11,23 and that US poorly delineates between fat and connective tissue surrounding the muscle, it is possible that US-obtained multifidi CSAs in older adults with and without CLBP are artificially inflated. Functional CSAs, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion Validity of Ultrasound Imaging: Assessment of Multifidi Cross-Sectional Area in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain

Sions

Teyhen²,

Hicks³

2017

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy

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Background and Purpose Ultrasound imaging (US) may be a cost-conscious alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is the criterion standard for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) assessment. Within the trunk, when compared to MRI, US has been shown to be valid for assessing lumbar multifidi CSA in younger, asymptomatic individuals. To date, there are no studies validating US for multifidi CSA assessment in older adults or individuals with low back pain. Given age- and pain-related muscle changes, validation of US is needed in these populations. If valid for multifidi CSA assessment, US may be used to evaluate short-term changes in muscle size in response to exercise-based interventions among older adults. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of US for multifidi CSA assessment as compared to MRI in older adults with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). The secondary objective was to determine whether a single ultrasound image was valid for assessment of multifidi CSA or if the average of 3 ultrasound images should be recommended. Methods Twenty community-dwelling older adults, i.e. 10 with and 10 without chronic low back pain, ages 60 to 85 years, were recruited. Ultrasound images and MRI slices of multifidi muscle were obtained and L4 multifidi CSAs were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess agreement between MRI measures and a single US image and MRI measures and the average of 3 ultrasound images. Results and Discussion ICC point estimates were excellent for older adults with CLBP for a single US image (ICCs=.90–.97), but ICC point estimates for participants without CLBP ranged from fair-to-excellent (ICCs=.48–.86). ICC point estimates for the average of 3 US images for both groups were better than for a single image (ICCs=.95–.99). Conclusions For assessment of L4 multifidi CSA, US is a valid alternative to MRI for older adults with and without CLBP. However, limitations of US, such as the inability to quantify intramuscular fat, which may be increased with aging and CLBP, should be considered. CSA measurement of 3 US images, rather than a single image, is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion Validity of Ultrasound Imaging: Assessment of Multifidi Cross-Sectional Area in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain

Sions

Teyhen²,

Hicks³

2017

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy

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“…Separating muscle extracellular and intracellular compartments With aging and development of sarcopenia or with cachexia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, there is a relative expansion of the extracellular space that includes fluid and connective tissue with loss of muscle fibers [81,82]. Several new magnetic resonance techniques hold promise for providing information related to the extracellular compartment [83].…”

Section: Recent Advances and Future Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art

Heymsfield

Adamek

Gonzalez

et al. 2014

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

165

138

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BackgroundEven though skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest body compartment in most adults and a key phenotypic marker of sarcopenia and cachexia, SM mass was until recently difficult and often impractical to quantify in vivo. This review traces the historical development of SM mass measurement methods and their evolution to advances that now promise to provide in-depth noninvasive measures of SM composition.MethodsKey steps in the advancement of SM measurement methods and their application were obtained from historical records and widely cited publications over the past two centuries. Recent advances were established by collecting information on notable studies presented at scientific meetings and their related publications.ResultsThe year 1835 marks the discovery of creatine in meat by Chevreul, a finding that still resonates today in the D3-creatine method of measuring SM mass. Matiegka introduced an anthropometric approach for estimating SM mass in 1921 with the vision of creating a human “capacity” marker. The 1940s saw technological advances eventually leading up to the development of ultrasound and bioimpedance analysis methods of quantifying SM mass in vivo. Continuing to seek an elusive SM mass “reference” method, Burkinshaw and Cohn introduced the whole-body counting-neutron activation analysis method and provided some of the first detailed reports of cancer cachexia in the late 1970s. Three transformative breakthroughs leading to the current SM mass reference methods appeared in the 1970s and early 1980s as follows: the introduction of computed tomography (CT), photon absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Each is advanced as an accurate and/or practical approach to quantifying whole-body and regional SM mass across the lifespan. These advances have led to a new understanding of fundamental body size-SM mass relationships that are now widely applied in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with sarcopenia and cachexia. An intermediate link between SM mass and function is SM composition. Advances in water-fat MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, MR elastography, imaging of connective tissue structures by ultra-short echo time MR, and other new MR approaches promise to close the gap that now exists between SM anatomy and function.ConclusionsThe global efforts of scientists over the past two centuries provides us with highly accurate means by which to measure SM mass across the lifespan with new advances promising to extend these efforts to noninvasive methods for quantifying SM composition.

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“…2 In addition to age-related skeletal muscle loss, infiltration of fat and connective tissue into muscle fibers might also result in structural redis-tribution, decline of muscle strength and function. 3,4 It has been reported that muscle mass and force would decrease after mid-life 5 by approximately 1-2% muscle loss per year after the age of 50 years, 6 and might lead to poorer physical function. 7 Decreased muscle strength and poorer muscle quality were associated with various adverse outcomes, 8 and were strongly related to mortality and physical disability of older people, 9,10 which denoted the concept of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia

Liu¹,

Lee

Liu

et al. 2013

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Skeletal muscle mass was significantly associated with handgrip strength along with aging, but the association of skeletal muscle mass and walking speed was less significant. In sarcopenia diagnosis among Asian populations, ASM/ht(2) should be the most suitable index for skeletal muscle mass measurements, and physical performance should be measured universally beyond measurements of skeletal muscle mass.

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Age- and Stroke-Related Skeletal Muscle Changes

Cited by 63 publications

References 100 publications

Criterion Validity of Ultrasound Imaging: Assessment of Multifidi Cross-Sectional Area in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain

Criterion Validity of Ultrasound Imaging: Assessment of Multifidi Cross-Sectional Area in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain

Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art

Age‐related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia

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