Age and Sex Standardized Prevalence of Corneal Opacity and Its Determinants; Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES)

Abstract

Background: We aimed to determine the age and sex standardized prevalence of corneal opacity and its determinants
 Methods: The Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES) is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted on 3791 subjects aged above 60 yr in Tehran, Iran (2019) selected using stratified random cluster sampling. After sampling, all subjects underwent complete ophthalmic, optometric, and eye examinations.
 Results: The 3310 participated in the study, of whom the data of 3284 were analyzed. The age and sex standardized prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of corneal opacity in at least one eye, both eyes, and one eye was 9.58% (95% CI: 8.50 to 10.79), 5.52% (95% CI: 4.71 to 6.45), and 4.07% (95% CI: 3.35 to 4.94), respectively. The mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) according to LogMar were worse in subjects with corneal opacity (both P<0.001). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex (OR: 1.98; P: 0.003), age>80 yr (OR: 2.05; P: 0.004), and lack of insurance coverage (OR: 1.87; P: 0.004) increased the odds and high school education (OR: 0.68; P: 0.003) reduced the odds of corneal opacity. Among the study variables, sex was the most important determinant of corneal opacity (standardized beta: 0.126).
 Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of corneal opacity in the geriatric population. Considering the increasing trend of population aging in Iran, attention should be paid to prioritizing public health policies to estimate resources required for providing comprehensive corneal services and improving geriatric eye health.

Prevalence and associated factors of corneal opacity among adults in Kolladiba town, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…Additionally, studies conducted in India in 2015 among the rural Indian population and in 2016 among the rural population in Bihar reported 3.7% and 2.35% CO, respectively 32 33. Similarly, the findings of the present study were greater than those of a population-based study and the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES) in 2017 and in 2022 in Iran, which showed 1.68% and 9.58%, respectively, of CO 12 24. In addition, studies conducted by Mahdi et al 34 and Durkin et al 35 reported 4.1% and 1.3%, respectively, of CO; these findings were also lower than our findings.…”

“…Several previous studies in different parts of the world estimated the prevalence of CO as depicted in a comparison table for further information (online supplemental table 4). 12 24 25 30–37…”

“…A pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect the data and an ocular examination was held to collect the data. The questionnaire and ocular examination format were adapted from previous studies 12 24–29. The tool was prepared in the English language, translated into Amharic (local language) by language experts and retranslated to English to check for consistency in the meanings of words and concepts.…”

Current social determinants of health and social risk factors in conditions of the cornea: a scoping review

“…All included articles and the identified SDoH in each study are summarized in Table 1. Dry eye/ocular surface [18 ▪▪ ,19 ▪ –38 ▪ ] (21 articles) was the most prevalent cornea condition, followed by pterygium [39 ▪▪ ,40 ▪ –42 ▪ ] (4 articles), keratoplasty [43 ▪▪ ,44–46] (four articles), keratoconus [47 ▪ ,48,49] (three articles), cornea donation [50,51 ▪▪ ,52 ▪▪ ] (three articles), cornea thickness [53 ▪ ,54 ▪ ] (two articles), trachoma [55 ▪▪ ,56] (two articles), corneal ulcers [57 ▪ ,58 ▪ ] (two articles), corneal arcus [59 ▪ ] (one article), and corneal opacity[60 ▪ ] (one article). Cornea donation for transplantation was also explored.…”

New-Onset Bilateral Corneal Opacity of Unknown Origin – A Case Report

“…Corneal opacities represent a leading cause of blindness worldwide 1 . As shown by Hashemi et al in patients above 60 years of age, the prevalence of corneal opacities in at least one eye is 9.58% 2 .…”