Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones in a Chinese pediatrics: a prospective observational study of 1,279 healthy children

Abstract

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for early neurocognitive development and growth and development in childhood and adolescence. However, the reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones in Chinese pediatric individuals remain unclear. This study aimed to establish thyroid hormone RIs for a Chinese pediatric population according to appropriate age-and sex-specific partitioning. Methods:In this prospective observational study, a total of 1,279 healthy children (singletons, aged from 1 day to 12 years) were recruited, and serum samples were analyzed on a Mindray automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer CL-6000i for thyroid hormone detection, including thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4). Age and sex-specific RIs were established, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document C28-A3 guidelines.Results: Quantile testing revealed that the median (P50) and RIs [2.5 th percentile (P2.5)-97.5 th percentile (P97.5)] for TSH, FT3, T3, and T4 of males differed significantly from those of females (P<0.05), except for FT4 (P=0.483). For FT3 and T3, the RIs of males were higher than that of females, and the RI of T4 for males was narrower and higher than that of females [P2. 5-P97.5: 72.33-171.60 vs. 72.31-176.27 nmol/L; P50: 116.75 vs. 113.47 nmol/L, P=0.011]. RIs for TSH, FT3, FT4, T3, and T4 showed sex-and agespecific properties and displayed a wide variation during the first month of life but gradually narrowed and concentrated with increasing age.

Possible Association Between Thyroid Nodule Formation and Developmental Alterations in the Pituitary–Thyroid Hormone Axis in Children and Adolescents: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

“… 6 , 7 , 8 , 22–35 Of these, approximately two-thirds of the recent articles demonstrated evidence for sex differences in fT3, fT4, and TSH levels during adolescence. 4 , 7 , 8 , 19 , 24 , 29 , 33–36 In general, TSH and fT3 levels in male participants were higher than those in female participants, while the differences in fT4 levels were small or controversial during childhood and adolescence. 4 , 5 , 7 , 24 , 32 , 33 , 35 …”

“… 4 , 7 , 8 , 19 , 24 , 29 , 33–36 In general, TSH and fT3 levels in male participants were higher than those in female participants, while the differences in fT4 levels were small or controversial during childhood and adolescence. 4 , 5 , 7 , 24 , 32 , 33 , 35 …”

Specific reference interval for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I among healthy children in Wuhan, China

“…Subjects were required to have an overnight fast of 8–10 h. In brief, neonates and infants were examined before their next feeding. Children aged over 1 year were required to abstain from food and water for at least 8 h but no more than 10 h. Considering a person’s biological rhythms, venous blood (2 mL) was drawn from each participant between 6 and 10 a.m. As in our previous study ( 18 ), a Roche Cobas P612 pretreatment system (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used to separate serum within 6 h from sample collection. An hs-cTnI (CLIA) assay (Mindray, Shenzhen, China) was immediately conducted to detect serum hs-cTnI levels via the Mindray automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (CL-6000i).…”

“…Statistical analysis was constructed by R program V.3.6.3 and R-studio (version 1.4.1106, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), as described in our previous study ( 18 ). Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the categorical variables.…”

Distribution of serum uric acid concentration and its association with lipid profiles: a single-center retrospective study in children aged 3 to 12 years with adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy

“…The inclusion criteria were (1) aged 3–12 years; (2) initial hospitalization at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; (3) results of routine preoperative testing available, including complete blood count, routine urinalysis data, electrolytes, liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; albumin; prealbumin) and kidney function (creatinine, Cr; urea) within the sex- and age-specific normal ranges [ 15 , 16 ]; (4) thyroid function (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone) within the sex- and age-specific normal ranges [ 17 ]; and (5) adenoidectomy performed because of adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy.…”