Age- and sex-related mandibular dimensional changes: A radiomorphometric analysis on panoramic radiographs

Comparison of the Gonial Angle With Age and Gender Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images

“…The mandible undergoes remodeling and morphological changes throughout an individual's life [25]. Besides, the effect of muscle connections on the size and shape of the mandible is observed from the development of the mandible [37]. The constant forces exerted by the muscles and age-related changes in these forces have a great relationship with the morphological evolution of the mandible [38].…”

“…Although evaluating more than one structure together provides more meaningful results, in some cases, it may be necessary to evaluate only a single structure such as the gonial angle in the skeletal remains. Therefore, in the literature, many studies examined the gonial angle according to age and gender [1,2,6,[8][9][10]12,[15][16][17]19,24,26,37,43]. However, the issue of whether there is a difference in the gonial angle by gender and age is controversial.…”

“…Ohm and Silness [5], Upadhyay et al [24], Kanya et al [15], and Dutra et al [26] stated that the gonial angle did not differ statistically according to gender. In contrast, Chole et al [9], Abu-Taleb and El Beshlawy [10], Belaldavar et al [16], Huumonen et al [43], Direk et al [8], Jambunath et al [19], Leversha et al [6], and Shah et al [37] reported that the gonial angle differs statistically according to gender and had lower value in males. Besides, Gamba et al [1] and Bhuyan et al [12] stated a difference between the gonial angle and gender, but they found lower values in females.…”

Oblique line contrast: A new radiomorphometric index for assessing bone quality in dental panoramic radiographs

“…Several radiomorphometric indices have been proposed to assess the correlation of bone mineral density loss in the mandible with DXA, such as: Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Mandibular Cortical thickness or Width (MCW), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), Antegonial Index (AI) and Mental Index (MI) [ 6 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 45 ]. Alveolar/basal bone fractal dimension analysis has also been used to assess BMD [ 24 , 25 , 40 ].…”

“…MCTI, MCI, MPI, AI, and FD radiomorphometric indices effectively measured on PAN images showed to be effective for a varied set of clinical tasks such as identifying gender and age-related osteopenia [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], determining gender, and human identification in dental forensics [ 34 ]. Additionally, those indices showed success in identifying age, gender, and dental-staus-related continuous remodeling of the mandibular cortex [ 35 ], and it be clinically useful in estimating the growth and maturation of the mandible [ 36 ].…”