Age and sex differences in lung elasticity, and in closing capacity in nonsmokers

Bode, F. R.; Dosman, James A.; Martin, Richard R.; Ghezzo, Heberto; Macklem, Peter T.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1976.41.2.129

Cited by 66 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The B/A in our subjects was significantly higher in males compared with females, which implies that males have a higher lung recoil at the same lung volume. This is not unlike male Caucasian subjects, who tend to have higher lung recoil then their female counterparts of comparable age [12][13][14]. However, the difference in PLmax was not statistically significant between our male and female subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…However, CLst/TLC was related to the position index B/A, whereas K was not. Loss of lung recoil is recognized as part of the normal ageing process [12][13][14]. The shape constant, K, has been shown to increase linearly with age [4][5][6], but, probably due to the younger age and narrow age range of our subjects, we were unable to demonstrate this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The quality of fit of the exponential equation to the data for each subject was assessed by the standard errors of the coefficients (K, A and B) and the reduction of the original variance (R 2 ) which was calculated as described previously [12]. An arbitrary R 2 value of 0.96 was chosen, below which the scatter of the points around the line was considered unacceptable [5].…”

Section: Mathematical and Statistical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung elastic recoil in normal young adult Chinese compared with Caucasians

Chan

Cheong²,

Poh³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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L Lu un ng g e el la as st ti ic c r re ec co oi il l i in n n no or rm ma al l y yo ou un ng g a ad du ul lt t C Ch hi in ne es se e c co om mp pa ar re ed d w wi it th h C Ca au uc ca as si ia an ns s Static expiratory pressure-volume (P-V) curves were studied in 22 healthy Chinese subjects (12 males and 10 females). The P-V curve was fitted using an iterative least mean squares regression on a computer, according to an exponential equation: V=A -Be -KP , where V is lung volume, P is transpulmonary pressure, and A, B and K are constants.Mean values±SD for K, CLst and PLmax were 0.12±0.04, 230±103 ml·cmH 2 O -1 and 27.5±7.5 cmH 2 O, respectively. The values of CLst and K were similar to that of normal Caucasian subjects, whereas values of PLmax were lower. We attributed the lower PLmax partly to weaker inspiratory muscles in Chinese compared with Caucasians.We conclude that lung elastic recoil in normal young adult Chinese is similar to that of healthy young adult Caucasians. Hence, lung elasticity is unlikely to explain the racial differences in static lung volumes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Mathematical and Statistical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lung elastic recoil in normal young adult Chinese compared with Caucasians

Chan

Cheong²,

Poh³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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“…The lower P tp in the older subjects, across lung volumes, was possibly associated with an age-related degeneration of the alveolar elastic matrix and small airways (4,18,22). Our observations reveal these changes appeared to affect the lungs equally over the entire V T range so that lung tissue compliance remained stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The impact of aging and habitual physical activity on static respiratory work at rest and during exercise

Chaunchaiyakul

Groeller²,

Clarke³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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.-We investigated the effects of aging on the elastic properties of lung tissue and the chest wall, simultaneously quantifying the contribution of each component to static inspiratory muscle work in resting and exercising adults. We further evaluated the interaction of aging and habitual physical activity on respiratory mechanics. Static lung volumes and elastic properties of the lung and chest wall (pressure-volume relaxation maneuvers) in 29 chronically sedentary and 29 habitually active subjects, grouped by age, were investigated: young (Y, 20 -30 years), middle-aged (M, 40 -50 years), and older (O, Ͼ60 years). Using static pressure-volume data, we computed the elastic work of breathing (joules per liter, J ⅐ l Ϫ1 ), including inspiratory muscle work, over resting and exercising tidal volume excursions. Elastic work of the lung (Y ϭ 0.79 Ϯ 0.05; M ϭ 0.47 Ϯ 0.05; O ϭ 0.43 Ϯ 0.05 J ⅐ l Ϫ1 ) and chest wall (Y ϭ Ϫ0.49 Ϯ 0.06; M ϭ Ϫ0.12 Ϯ 0.07; O ϭ 0.04 Ϯ 0.05 J ⅐ l Ϫ1 ) changed significantly with age (P Ͻ 0.05). With aging, a parallel displacement of the chest wall pressure-volume curve resulted in a shift from energy being stored primarily during expiration to energy storage during inspiration, and driving expiration, both at rest and during exercise. Although deviating significantly from young adults, this did not significantly elevate static inspiratory muscle work but resulted in a redistribution of the tissues on which this work was performed and the phase of the respiratory cycle in which it occurred. Nevertheless, static inspiratory muscle work remained similar across age groups, at rest and during exercise, and habitual physical activity failed to influence these changes. chest wall; compliance; respiratory mechanics; work of breathing QUANTITATIVE STUDIES of the respiratory system indicate that aging lungs contain fewer, but larger, alveoli (1, 40), respiratory muscle strength is reduced (5, 10), there is an increased calcification of the intrathoracic joints (9, 11), and the diaphragmatic contribution to ventilation is elevated, particularly during exercise (35). These changes are likely to affect the mechanics of the respiratory system and, in turn, modify the static work of breathing. Accordingly, the literature contains several reports that aging humans experience a reduction in lung tissue elastic work (14,15,38).We have had particular interest in the possible effect that a greater calcification of the aging rib cage joints may have on chest wall stiffness, since a more rigid chest wall would increase the static work of breathing, similar to that seen in restrictive pulmonary disorders or chest strapping (8). Such changes may possibly result in a ventilatory limit to exercise. However, there has been very little research focusing on changes in chest wall mechanics in aging humans (27,29,35), with only one study specifically concerned with changes in chest wall elastic work during senescence (21); this project demonstrated that aging was accompanied by an increase in chest wall elastic work. Indeed, ...

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“…Piers et al ., 1998), a more common pattern may be the relative constancy of metabolic rate that we observed here. An enormous range of physiological processes decline with age, from lung capacity (Bode et al ., 1976) to running speed (Moore, 1975) to oocyte chiasma frequency (Henderson & Edwards, 1968). We might expect that metabolic rates would decline with age in fruit flies for two reasons.…”

Section: The Rate Of Living Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐specific metabolic rates and mortality rates in the genusDrosophila

Promislow

Haselkorn

2002

Aging Cell

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SummaryEarly theories of aging suggested that organisms with relatively high metabolic rates would live shorter lives. Despite widespread tests of this 'rate of living' theory of aging, there is little empirical evidence to support the idea. A more fine-grained approach that examined age-related changes in metabolic rate over the life span could provide valuable insight into the relationship between metabolic rate and aging. Here we compare age-related metabolic rate (measured as CO 2 production per hour) and age-related mortality rate among five species in the genus Drosophila . We find no evidence that longer-lived species have lower metabolic rates. In all five species, there is no clear evidence of an age-related metabolic decline. Metabolic rates are strikingly constant throughout the life course, with the exception of females of D. hydei , in which metabolic rates show an increase over the first third of the life span and then decline. We argue that some physiological traits may have been shaped by such strong selection over evolutionary time that they are relatively resistant to the decline in the force of selection that occurs within the life time of a single individual. We suggest that comparisons of specific traits that do not show signs of aging with those traits that do decline with age could provide insight into the aging process.

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Age and sex differences in lung elasticity, and in closing capacity in nonsmokers

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Lung elastic recoil in normal young adult Chinese compared with Caucasians

Lung elastic recoil in normal young adult Chinese compared with Caucasians

The impact of aging and habitual physical activity on static respiratory work at rest and during exercise

Age‐specific metabolic rates and mortality rates in the genusDrosophila

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