Age and regional specificity of peak limb vascular conductance in men

Proctor, David N.; Le, Khoi U.; Ridout, Samuel J.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00704.2004

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The values for peak vascular conductance, in the present study, were considerably lower than those reported for a group of men free of overt disease [21]. Thus, a lower than expected peak vascular conductance in these patients could reflect, in part, structural changes related to the arterial vasculature of the limbs (e.g.…”

Section: Vascular Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…More recently, researchers have also used peak limb vascular conductance immediately after a period of cuff arterial occlusion as an indirect measure of the structural limitations placed on limb muscle blood flow [21]. The values for peak vascular conductance, in the present study, were considerably lower than those reported for a group of men free of overt disease [21].…”

Section: Vascular Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Relationship Between Vascular and Physical Function in Individuals with Peripheral Neuropathy

Arce‐Esquivel¹,

Manor²,

Li³

et al. 2009

VDP

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Abstract:Background: Peripheral neuropathy is characterized by a reduction/alteration in sensation, muscle weakness and chronic fatigue, which may compromise physical function. Mechanisms contributing to the development of PN may include poor vascular function. The purpose was to examine the relationship between measures of vascular and physical function in individuals with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design to examine 59 individuals with peripheral neuropathy. Strain gauge plethysmography was used to assess lower leg vascular function. Specific measures included resting in-flow, venous outflow (VO t1/2 ), and reactive hyperemic blood flow (RHBF). Physical function was examined using a 6-minute walk (6MWD), the timed up and go (TUG) test, and isokinetic knee extension (KE) and flexion (KF). Results: RHBF was related to the TUG (r=-0.31, p=0.02) and 6MWD (r=0.37, p=0.007). Patients in the top tertile of the TUG had significantly higher peak RHBF compared to the lower tertiles. Those who walked <400m on the 6MWD had lower RHBF compared to those who walked >400m. Finally, those in the top tertile of KF exhibited faster VO t1/2 . Conclusions: These data indicate a relationship between vascular and physical function in peripheral neuropathy. Individuals with greater physical function exhibit more favorable measures of arterial inflow and venous outflow.

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Section: Vascular Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Vascular Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 53%

Relationship Between Vascular and Physical Function in Individuals with Peripheral Neuropathy

Arce‐Esquivel¹,

Manor²,

Li³

et al. 2009

VDP

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show abstract

“…Although many previous reports (3, 4, 37) have detected a difference between these groups, careful inspection of these studies demonstrate that age is rarely statistically taken into account. It has been reported that peak hyperemic flow is reduced with age (27,30,33), which could explain why the difference between groups is no longer significant after age is considered. In addition, Ogren et al (28) reported that 76% of IC patients in his study had normal peak hyperemic flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship between leg muscle capillary density and peak hyperemic blood flow with endurance capacity in peripheral artery disease

Robbins

Jones

Duscha

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

104

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WR, Annex BH. Relationship between leg muscle capillary density and peak hyperemic blood flow with endurance capacity in peripheral artery disease. J Appl Physiol 111: 81-86, 2011. First published April 21, 2011 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2011.-The aim of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle capillary density is lower in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and if capillary density relates to functional limitations. PAD patients with intermittent claudication (IC) have a decreased exercise tolerance due to exerciseinduced muscle ischemia. Despite the apparent role diminished arterial flow has in this population, the degree of walking pain and functional limitation is not entirely explained by altered hemodynamics of the affected limbs. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle capillary density is lower in PAD and is related to the functional impairment observed in this population. Sixty-four patients with PAD and 56 controls underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a gastrocnemius muscle biopsy. A subset of these patients (48 PAD and 47 controls) underwent peak hyperemic flow testing via plethysmography. Capillary density in PAD patients was lower compared with controls (P Ͻ 0.001). After adjustment for several baseline demographic imbalances the model relating capillary density to peak oxygen consumption (V O2) remained significant (P Ͻ 0.001). In PAD subjects, capillary density correlated with peak V O2, peak walking time (PWT), and claudication onset time (COT). Peak hyperemic blood flow related to peak V O2 in both PAD and control subjects. PAD is associated with lower capillary density, and capillary density is related to the functional impairment as defined by a reduced peak V O2, PWT, and COT. These findings suggest that alterations in microcirculation may contribute to functional impairment capacity in PAD.claudication; skeletal muscle PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE (PAD) is a major health problem that affects over eight million people in the United States (42). PAD is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to arterial obstruction and decreased blood flow to the lower extremities. The most frequent clinical symptomatic manifestation of PAD is intermittent claudication (IC), which is defined as ischemic leg pain that occurs with walking and improves with rest (21). Patients with IC are known to have impaired exercise capacity and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living (31).Despite the role diminished arterial flow has in claudication, altered hemodynamics of the affected limbs do not entirely explain the degree of functional limitation in patients with IC (6,7,11,29,41). Surgical revascularization does not completely normalize exercise performance (31), and exercise training, which does not modify hemodynamics, has been shown to improve walking capacity in patients with PAD (40). These observations have prompted investigations of a mechanism distal to the arterial occlusion to explain these phenomena.A potential mechanistic target for study is the microcirculation as ...

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“…Several human studies have examined regional variations in arterial dilator and constrictor responses (35,36,38). Reactive hyperemic studies show greater peak flow responses and vasodilator capacity in the forearm compared with the calf (35,41). Yet the calf compared with forearm has been shown to have greater vasoconstriction response to pharmacological stimuli (12,24,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoconstrictor responses in the upper and lower limbs to increases in transmural pressure

Lott

Hogeman

Herr

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to examine upper and lower limb vasoconstrictor responses to changes in transmural pressure in humans. Brachial and femoral blood mean blood velocity (MBV) and vessel diameter (Doppler ultrasound) were measured in 20 supine healthy subjects (10 men and 10 women; 27 ± 1 yr; mean ± SE) during four levels of limb suction at −25, −50, −75, and −100 mmHg, respectively. Limb suction led to an initial rise in MBV followed by a rapid fall in flow velocity to a level below MBV baseline, indicating a vasoconstriction effect. Femoral compared with brachial vessels exhibited a greater fall in flow velocity at all levels of suction (−89 ± 17 vs. −10 ± 2, −142 ± 11 vs. −14 ± 2, −156 ± 22 vs. −13 ± 2, and −162 ± 29 vs. −12 ± 2 ml/min for −25, −50, −75, and −100 mmHg, respectively; interaction effect, P < 0.05). Even at low tank suction levels (i.e., −10 and −20 mmHg), significant brachial flow velocity vasoconstriction from baseline values was demonstrated, reflecting downstream resistance vessel changes ( n = 14). Brachial and femoral diameters did not change during changes in negative tank pressure. During suction, changes in limb volumes were significantly greater in the forearm (1.4 ± 0.5%, 2.4 ± 0.8%, 3.5 ± 1.0%, and 4.3 ± 1.1%) compared with the calf (0.9 ± 0.5%, 1.4 ± 0.7%, 2.0 ± 0.8%, and 2.8 ± 1.1%) at all levels of negative tank pressures (−25, −50, −75, and −100 mmHg, respectively). Simultaneous measurements of both upper limbs and both lower limbs suggested that the majority of the reduction in flow was due to myogenic influences except when −100 mmHg of suction was applied to the lower limb. The greater vasoconstriction responses in the leg compared with the arm with suction appear to be influenced by both myogenic and sympathetic mechanisms.

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Age and regional specificity of peak limb vascular conductance in men

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Relationship Between Vascular and Physical Function in Individuals with Peripheral Neuropathy

Relationship Between Vascular and Physical Function in Individuals with Peripheral Neuropathy

Relationship between leg muscle capillary density and peak hyperemic blood flow with endurance capacity in peripheral artery disease

Vasoconstrictor responses in the upper and lower limbs to increases in transmural pressure

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