Age and Regional Differences in the Chemical Composition of Brains of Mice, Monkeys and Humans

Samorajski, T.; Rolsten, C

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60692-5

Cited by 70 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Despite the difficulty in comparatively interpreting studies made in different animal species, the blood-brain barrier does seem to be incomplete at birth and appears to develop gradually at a rate typical for each species (Samorajski and Rolsten, 1973). Modifications of the blood-brain barrier with age cannot, however, be considered separately from the more complex development of the 316 whole brain mass in terms of growth and chemical, biological, anatomical and physiological characteristics.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bonati

Kanto

Tognoni

1982

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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The distribution of drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid has long been considered a challenging field of investigation in 2 major respects: (a) understanding how the physicochemical properties (molecular weight, pKa, plasma protein binding) of various molecules influence their movements across such a specific structure as the blood-brain barrier; and (b) defining the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of various drugs and their central (side) effects. An attempt has been made to review the very dispersed information presently available to offer a clinically orientated picture of this area of pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on the central nervous system (benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids), antibacterial agents, cardiovascular drugs (beta-adrenoceptor blockers and digoxin), antineoplastic drugs (mainly methotrexate), and other miscellaneous agents (corticosteroids, cimetidine, methylxanthines) are reviewed. The available evidence seems to support the conclusion that only for methotrexate and antibacterial agents does knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics have direct therapeutic implications, while the mosaic of information available for other drugs does little more than provide a partially satisfactory picture.

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Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bonati

Kanto

Tognoni

1982

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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“…3 As predicted [20,21], wild-type forebrains and hind brains continued to gain weight with maturation between the ages of 18-23 and 51-60 days (p < 0.05 for each). Forebrains appeared to have completed their period of rapid growth by 51 days as there was no significant dif ference between samples from mice at 51-60 days and samples from mice over 108 days of age.…”

Section: Forebrain and Hindbrain Weightsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…and per fused intercardially with 50 ml of 2.OVo paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde after a 30-second wash with Tyrode's saline (pH 7.4). A subset of brains from the animals used in the study (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), 51-60, or 108-137 days old) was weighed prior to removal of the PML. Olfactory bulbs and paraflocculus were removed prior to weighing.…”

Section: E Th O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Paramedian Lobule of the Cerebellum in Wild-Type and Tottering Mice

Isaacs

Abbott

1992

Dev Neurosci

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The mutant mouse tottering, (tg/tg), and the compound heterozygote mouse (tg/tg^la) exhibit three neurological disorders: ataxia, petit mal-like absence seizures and myoclonic intermittent movement disorders which are independent of the absence seizures. The tottering mouse carries an autosomal recessive single gene mutation on chromosome 8, and behavioral symptoms are first observed in the 3rd to 4th week of age. Using an additional genetic marker, Oligosyndactyly (Os), it is possible to distinguish tg/tg and tg/tg^lamice from wild-type mice at birth; nonaffected heterozygous littermates carry the Os mutation while tottering and compound heterozygous mice do not carry the Os gene. Similar to neurons found elsewhere in the brain, cerebellar Purkinje cells in both the wild-type and mutant mice were found to decrease in diameter with maturation. Forebrain weight, hindbrain weight, Purkinje cell dimensions and the thickness of the molecular layer in the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum in mutant mice were found to be reduced in mutants after, but not prior to the onset of behavioral symptoms.

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“…One might perhaps expect brain 5-HT content to decrease in aging, based upon the fact that its oxidative deamination depends upon monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, which is increased in aging [Cote and Kremzner, 1974;Grote el al., 1974;Robin son, 1975;Robinson et al, 1972;Samorajski and Rolsten, 1973], MAO is thought to occur in at east two (A and B) forms and it is quite possible that the increase ob served with aging affects other B-type sub strates such as phenylethylamine or type A substrates such as NE. Our data for the cat echolamines indicate their decrease in aging animals, a finding consistent with earlier data [Finch, 1973].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-Related Changes in Retrograde Amnesia for Mice

Essman¹

1982

Gerontology

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Aging mice showed a retrograde amnesia for passive avoidance behavior when a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was given at post-training intervals up to 1 h, whereas adult mice showed no significant amnesia when ECS was given 10 min or more after training. Catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine), but not serotonin (5-HT) changed with aging in the several brain regions, but only 5-HT was significantly changed (elevated) by ECS. Protein synthesis was significantly inhibited by ECS, notably in limbic structures. The increased susceptibility of aging mice to the amnesic effect of ECS could be related to aging-related changes in the rate of memory consolidation or to the duration of neural chemical changes that disrupt processes such as consolidation, storage, and/or retrieval of the memory trace.

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Age and Regional Differences in the Chemical Composition of Brains of Mice, Monkeys and Humans

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Development of the Paramedian Lobule of the Cerebellum in Wild-Type and Tottering Mice

Aging-Related Changes in Retrograde Amnesia for Mice

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