Age- and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Svendsen, Ole Lander; Hassager, Christian; Christiansen, Claus

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90168-x

Cited by 274 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…How many years that transition may have encompassed in the studies she summarized is uncertain, but if at least 5, such a gain would be consistent with the long-term trend we describe here, and thus the gain she speaks of would not be speci®cally menopausal. Svendsen et al, in a cross-sectional study of Danish women, 16 also found a progressive weight difference between ages 35 and 65, after adjusting for cohort height effects, amounting to a slope of 0.37% y 71 , essentially the same as our value of 0.43% y 71 . Moreover, Wang et al 17 noted that weight at mid-life was correlated positively with calendar age, not menopausal age, consistent with our conclusion that weight change is not speci®cally menopausal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Hormones, weight change and menopause

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE: To determine total body weight change occurring in women at mid-life, speci®cally with respect to occurrence of menopause and use of estrogen. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of body weight measurements accumulated in two cohorts of healthy women participating in studies of skeletal metabolism. SUBJECTS: Cohort 1: 191 healthy nuns enrolled in a prospective study of osteoporosis risk, aged 35 ± 45 in 1967; cohort 2: 75 women aged 46 or older and still menstruating, enrolled in 1988 in a study of bone cell dynamics across menopause. Roughly one-third of each group received hormone replacement after menopause. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and height, age, menstrual status and use of estrogen replacement. Cohort 1: 608 measurements at 5 y intervals spanning a period from 17 y before to 22 y after menopause; cohort 2: 1180 measurements at 6-month intervals spanning a period from 5 y prior to 5 y after menopause. RESULTS: In cohort 1 weight rose as a linear function of age (both chronological and menopausal), both before and after cessation of ovarian function, at a rate of $ 0.43% y 71 . Neither the menopausal transition nor the use of estrogen had an appreciable effect on this rate of gain. In cohort 2 the rate of gain seemed to diminish slightly at menopause. As with cohort 1, hormone replacement (or its absence) had no appreciable effect on weight. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term, total body weight trajectory at mid-life is not in¯uenced appreciably by either cessation of ovarian function or by hormone replacement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Possibly also the bloating that may accompany progestin use (in HRT) may be a part of the explanation. Perhaps most likely, shifts in body fat distribution at mid-life 16,17,19 may contribute to a perception of total body weight gain. One inch at the waist is roughly equivalent to one dress size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones, weight change and menopause

et al. 2001

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Many direct and indirect methods have been used to quantify body fat, such as anthropometric measurements 8 (for example, waist circumference), underwater weighing, 8,9 bioelectric impedance, 10 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 11,12 computed tomography (CT) [13][14][15][16] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, at present, most published research endorses either CT or MRI as the best in vivo methods for accurate and reliable data about the amount and distribution of abdominal adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative comparison and evaluation of software packages for assessment of abdominal adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine five available software packages for the assessment of abdominal adipose tissue with magnetic resonance imaging, compare their features and assess the reliability of measurement results. Design: Feature evaluation and test-retest reliability of softwares (NIHImage, SliceOmatic, Analyze, HippoFat and EasyVision) used in manual, semi-automated or automated segmentation of abdominal adipose tissue. Subjects: A random sample of 15 obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Measurements: Axial T1-weighted spin echo images centered at vertebral bodies of L2-L3 were acquired at 1.5 T. Five software packages were evaluated (NIHImage, SliceOmatic, Analyze, HippoFat and EasyVision), comparing manual, semi-automated and automated segmentation approaches. Images were segmented into cross-sectional area (CSA), and the areas of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Ease of learning and use and the design of the graphical user interface (GUI) were rated. Intra-observer accuracy and agreement between the software packages were calculated using intra-class correlation. Intra-class correlation coefficient was used to obtain test-retest reliability. Results: Three of the five evaluated programs offered a semi-automated technique to segment the images based on histogram values or a user-defined threshold. One software package allowed manual delineation only. One fully automated program demonstrated the drawbacks of uncritical automated processing. The semi-automated approaches reduced variability and measurement error, and improved reproducibility. There was no significant difference in the intra-observer agreement in SAT and CSA. The VAT measurements showed significantly lower test-retest reliability. There were some differences between the software packages in qualitative aspects, such as user friendliness. Conclusion: Four out of five packages provided essentially the same results with respect to the inter-and intra-rater reproducibility. Our results using SliceOmatic, Analyze or NIHImage were comparable and could be used interchangeably. Newly developed fully automated approaches should be compared to one of the examined software packages.

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“…Part of this risk may be explained by changes in body fat and body composition, with increased total and central fat in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women (4)(5)(6). Hormone replacement therapy has been proposed to ameliorate the increased central body fat and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance with hormone replacement therapy: associations with markers of inflammation and adiposity

Cooper

Burger

Toth

et al. 2007

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective-To determine if insulin resistance associated with combination hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is mediated by changes in serum markers of inflammation or in serum adipocyte hormones.Study design-Forty-five postmenopausal women, aged 55 ± 7 years, were examined from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effect of HRT on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and body composition. Volunteers were randomized to conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg vs. placebo for 1 year. At baseline and at 1 year, body composition was assessed by dual photon x-ray absorptiometry scans (DEXA); body fat distribution was measured by CT scans at the L4/L5 vertebral disc space; insulin sensitivity was measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp; interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA; and c-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by RIA.Results-HRT increased CRP by 121% compared to a 32% increase with placebo (p=0.03); HRT decreased glucose disposal by 17% compared to no change with placebo (p=0.04) as reported previously. HRT did not affect body composition, body fat distribution, IL-6, leptin, or adiponectin. The increase in CRP did not correlate with the decrease in glucose disposal in the HRT group (R=0.11, p=0.65).Conclusion-Treatment with HRT for one year increases CRP, but does not alter IL-6, adiponectin, or leptin. The change in CRP was not, however, related to the decrease in glucose disposal with HRT treatment.

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Age- and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Cited by 274 publications

References 24 publications

Hormones, weight change and menopause

Hormones, weight change and menopause

Quantitative comparison and evaluation of software packages for assessment of abdominal adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging

Insulin resistance with hormone replacement therapy: associations with markers of inflammation and adiposity

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