Age and genesis of polymetallic veins in the Freiberg district, Erzgebirge, Germany: constraints from radiogenic isotopes

Ostendorf, Jörg; Henjes‐Kunst, Friedhelm; Seifert, Thomas; Gutzmer, Jens

doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0841-1

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, stage II fluorite-barite-sulfide mineralization of the Niederschlag deposit shares close similarities to other vein-hosted fluorite deposits in the Erzgebirge (Bauer et al 2019;Ostendorf et al 2019) and elsewhere across Central Europe. Therefore, it is most likely that the formation of Stage II fluorite at the Niederschlag deposit is related to the far-field effects of the opening of the northern Atlantic during the Mesozoic (Table 3).…”

Section: Mineralizing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…1a). Felsic magmatism (325-285 Ma) during the late stages of orogenic collapse (Förster et al 2007;Hoffmann et al 2013) was closely associated with the formation of a variety of types of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in the Erzgebirge (Burisch et al 2019;Ostendorf et al 2019;Zhang et al 2017).…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic models are thus outdated or not available at all. A notable exceptions are recent studies on the Freiberg district (Bauer et al 2019;Ostendorf et al 2019), where Sm-Nd geochronology and fluid inclusion analyses have illustrated that fluoritebarite mineralization is of Mesozoic age and related to the migration and mixing of shallow crustal, highly saline brines. This mineralization style is very similar to many other fluorite-barite veins known from Variscan basement exposures in Europe, with examples from Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, and Great Britain (Boiron et al 2010;Kraemer et al 2019;Muchez et al 2005;Walter et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Niederschlag fluorite-(barite) deposit, Erzgebirge/Germany—a fluid inclusion and trace element study

Haschke

Gutzmer

Wohlgemuth‐Ueberwasser

et al. 2021

Miner Deposita

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The Niederschlag fluorite-barite vein deposit in the Western Erzgebirge, Germany, has been actively mined since 2013. We present the results of a first comprehensive study of the mineralogy, petrography, fluid inclusions, and trace element geochemistry of fluorite related to the Niederschlag deposit. Two different stages of fluorite mineralization are recognized. Stage I fluorite is older, fine-grained, associated with quartz, and forms complex breccia and replacement textures. Conversely, the younger Stage II fluorite is accompanied by barite and often occurs as banded and coarse crystalline open-space infill. Fluid inclusion and REY systematics are distinctly different for these two fluorite stages. Fluid inclusions in fluorite I reveal the presence of a low to medium saline (7–20% eq. w (NaCl+CaCl2)) fluid with homogenization temperatures of 140–180 °C, whereas fluorite II inclusions yield distinctly lower (80–120 °C) homogenization temperatures with at least two high salinity fluids involved (18–27% eq. w (NaCl+CaCl2)). In the absence of geochronological data, the genesis of the earlier generation of fluorite-quartz mineralization remains enigmatic but is tentatively related to Permian magmatism in the Erzgebirge. The younger fluorite-barite mineralization, on the other hand, has similarities to many fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits in Europe that are widely accepted to be related to the Mesozoic opening of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

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Section: Mineralizing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Niederschlag fluorite-(barite) deposit, Erzgebirge/Germany—a fluid inclusion and trace element study

Haschke

Gutzmer

Wohlgemuth‐Ueberwasser

et al. 2021

Miner Deposita

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“…Hydrothermal mineralization in the district comprises several stages, which can generally be divided into two main hydrothermal mineralization phases: The first hydrothermal phase comprises cassiterite-wolframite-quartz, Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-quartz-(carbonate), quartz-calcite-uraninite, and fluorite-quartz mineralization stages (Müller, 1894;Wismut GmbH, 1999;Kuschka, 2002). These mineral assemblages have been related to magmatic-hydrothermal activity linked to the lateand postcollisional stages of the Variscan orogeny (Zhang et al, 2017;Burisch et al, 2018Burisch et al, , 2019Ostendorf et al, 2019). This late Paleozoic (350-250 Ma) mineralization phase is restricted to NE-SW-and E-W-trending faults in the Annaberg-Buchholz district.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Mineralization In the Annaberg-buchholz Districtmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vertical Zoning in Hydrothermal U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As Systems: A Case Study from the Annaberg-Buchholz District, Erzgebirge (Germany)

et al. 2021

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The Annaberg-Buchholz district is a classic occurrence of hydrothermal five-element (U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As) veins in the Erzgebirge (Germany) with an historic production of ~8,700 metric tons (t) Co ore, 496 t U ore, and 26.9 t Ag. Multiple mineralization stages are recognized in polyphase veins hosted by Proterozoic paragneiss. Fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn mineralization occurs across the entire vertical profile of the district, whereas U and five-element stages are restricted to the upper 400 m below surface, coinciding with a graphite-rich gneiss lithology. Here, we present field and petrographic observations, electron probe microanalysis and fluid inclusion data, as well as thermodynamic calculations to characterize five-element and fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn associations, and to constrain the origin of the vertical zoning in the Annaberg-Buchholz district. Microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions related to the fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn stage yield homogenization temperatures between 78° and 140°C and salinities between 21.9 and 27.7 equiv wt % (NaCl-CaCl2). A correlation of fluid inclusion Na/(Na + Ca) ratios with salinity suggests fluid mixing as a likely precipitation mechanism and relates ore formation tentatively to regional tectonics of the Mesozoic opening of the Atlantic. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that U is more sensitive to reduction than As, predicting that arsenide minerals are precipitated more distally relative to uraninite upon reduction along the fluid-flow path. This implies that the observed vertical zoning is not a primary feature but is the result of hydrothermal remobilization. The observations made in the Annaberg-Buchholz district have general importance to the understanding of U-rich five-element mineralization and may be relevant for exploration targeting in unconformity-related U deposits.

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“…The Erzgebirge hosts a large variety of ore deposit types (Baumann et al, 2000). Ore formation is associated with several distinct geotectonic events, which are related to (a) late stages of the Variscan Orogeny (Burisch et al, 2019a;Zhang et al, 2017), (b) Permian Rifting (Burisch et al, 2019a;Ostendorf et al, 2019), (c) the opening of the northern Atlantic (Bauer et al, 2019;Guilcher et al, 2021a;Haschke et al, 2021;Ostendorf et al, 2019), and (d) the Cenozoic Eger graben rifting (Guilcher et al, 2021a;Hautmann and Lippolt, 2000). Hot springs and geothermal wells are a record of ongoing hydrothermal activity related to the Eger graben rifting (Dupalová et al, 2012;Paces and Smejkal, 2014;Vylita et al, 2007).…”

Section: Geology Of the Erzgebirgementioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Co–Ni-Mn-(REE) veins of the Western Erzgebirge, Germany—a potential source of battery raw materials

et al. 2021

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Situated in the western Erzgebirge metallogenetic province (Vogtland, Germany), the Eichigt prospect is associated with several quartz-Mn-Fe-oxyhydroxide veins that are exposed at surface. Bulk-rock geochemical assays of vein material yield high concentrations of Li (0.6–4.1 kg/t), Co (0.6–14.7 kg/t), and Ni (0.2–2.8 kg/t), as well as significant quantities of Mn, Cu, and light rare earth elements, a very unusual metal tenor closely resembling the mixture of raw materials needed for Li-ion battery production. This study reports on the results of a first detailed investigation of this rather unique polymetallic mineralization style, including detailed petrographic and mineralogical studies complemented by bulk rock geochemistry, electron microprobe analyses, and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The mineralized material comprises an oxide assemblage of goethite hematite, hollandite, and lithiophorite that together cement angular fragments of vein quartz. Lithiophorite is the predominant host of Li (3.6–11.1 kg/t), Co (2.5–54.5 kg/t), and Ni (0.2–8.9 kg/t); Cu is contained in similar amounts in hollandite and lithiophorite whereas light rare earth elements (LREE) are mainly hosted in microcrystalline rhabdophane and florencite, which are finely intergrown with the Mn-Fe-oxyhydroxides. 40Ar/39Ar ages (~ 40–34 Ma) of coronadite group minerals coincide with tectonic activity related to the Cenozoic Eger Graben rifting. A low-temperature hydrothermal overprint of pre-existing base metal sulfide-quartz mineralization on fault structures that were reactivated during continental rifting is proposed as the most likely origin of the polymetallic oxyhydroxide mineralization at Eichigt. However, tectonically enhanced deep-reaching fracture-controlled supergene weathering cannot be completely ruled out as the origin of the mineralization.

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Age and genesis of polymetallic veins in the Freiberg district, Erzgebirge, Germany: constraints from radiogenic isotopes

Cited by 25 publications

References 96 publications

The Niederschlag fluorite-(barite) deposit, Erzgebirge/Germany—a fluid inclusion and trace element study

The Niederschlag fluorite-(barite) deposit, Erzgebirge/Germany—a fluid inclusion and trace element study

Vertical Zoning in Hydrothermal U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As Systems: A Case Study from the Annaberg-Buchholz District, Erzgebirge (Germany)

Li-Co–Ni-Mn-(REE) veins of the Western Erzgebirge, Germany—a potential source of battery raw materials

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