Age- and Gender-Specific Differences in the Seasonal Distribution of Diabetes Mortality in Shandong, China: A Spatial Analysis

Abstract

Diabetes mortality in Shandong is higher than the national average in China. This study first explored diabetes mortality variation spatially at the county/district level among adults aged over 30 years in terms of age and gender, specifically by season. Daily diabetes mortality data were collected from 31 mortality surveillance points across Shandong Province in 2014. A geographic information system, spatial kriging interpolation and a spatial clustering method were used to examine the spatial patterns of diabetes mortality at the county/district level by season. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using diabetes mortality data from 10 mortality surveillance points from 2011 to 2020. As a result, the total diabetes mortality in eastern counties/districts was the highest (relative risk (RR) of cluster: 1.58, p = 0.00) across the whole province. For subgroups, women had higher mortality (16.84/100,000) than men (12.15/100,000), people aged over 75 years were the most vulnerable (93.91/100,000) and the highest-risk season was winter. However, the mortality differences between winter and summer were smaller in eastern and coastal regions than in other regions for all gender- and age-specific groups. The findings provide further evidence for early warning and precision preventative strategies for diabetes mortality in different regions of Shandong Province. Future research is required to identify the risk factors for diabetes and understand the differences in the social and environmental contexts.

Investigating Gender and Age Variability in Diabetes Prediction: A Multi-Model Ensemble Learning Approach

“…Apart from these hand grip strength [22] was also found to be one of the prominent factors in predicting diabetes in old age people. In order to investigate the gender and age-specific differences in diabetes mortality, the authors in [12] evaluated correlations between age-and gender-specific diabetes mortality using negative binomial regression. It was seen that women had higher mortality than men and people above 75 years are vulnerable.…”

“…It involves delving into the underlying biological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, hormonal variations, and behavioural patterns that contribute to the diverse impact of diabetes among different gender and age groups. In investigating the relationship between diabetes and age and gender, authors in [8], [12] have made noteworthy contributions. Their research indicates that age and gender play crucial roles in the development and prevalence of diabetes.…”