Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults

Hoff, J.; Chomka, Eva V.; Krainik, Andrew J.; Daviglus, Martha L.; Rich, Stuart; Kondos, George T.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01548-x

Cited by 390 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CaC range of scores was 0 to 1175. This distribution is similar to other reports of asymptomatic women ages 60-64, in which the scores for CaC at the 25, 50, 75, and 90 percentile were 0, 3, 57, 193 respectively (Hoff et al 2001). The second EBT evaluation of 267 women showed 100 or 37.5 % had no CaC and 63 or 23.6 % had scores >100; range of scores was 0 to 2707.…”

Section: Sample Characteristics At Baseline Premenopausal and Fifth Ysupporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

Matthews

Kuller

Chang

et al. 2007

Preventive Medicine

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Objective-It is important to understand the early development of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women to prevent costly morbidity and mortality associated with CVD events.Methods-363 women enrolled in the Healthy Women Study, Allegheny County PA had electron beam tomography measures of coronary (CaC) and aortic (AC) calcification on average 14.6 years after study entry in 1983; 267 had a second EBT 6.4 years later, by 2006. Risk factors were assessed when women were premenopausal and five years after the menopause. Results-Step-wise logistic regression analyses showed that the independent premenopausal predictors of CaC ≥ 100 14.6 years later were low density lipoprotein cholesterol, OR= 1.15 (1.03-1.29 for 10 mg/dl) and current smoker, OR= 2.72, 1.29 -5.71. The same premenopausal risk factors were predictors of AC ≥ 500, in addition to premenopausal systolic blood pressure (SBP). Similar results were obtained for predicting calcification 20.6 years later. Postmenopausal risk factors measured 5 years prior to the initial scans were unrelated to CaC and AC, after the significant premenopausal risk factors were taken into account, except for postmenopausal SBP being related to AC. Conclusion-Premenopausal

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Section: Sample Characteristics At Baseline Premenopausal and Fifth Ysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Aortic calcification (AC) can also be evaluated by EBT and has been related to cardiovascular disease (Reavan and Sacks, 2005). CaC is greater among men than women and increases with age (Hoff et al, 2001), but AC is similar or more prevalent in women than in men (Danielson et al 1996;McGill et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

Matthews

Kuller

Chang

et al. 2007

Preventive Medicine

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“…As in other populations, coronary artery calcium scores increased with age 13,16,17 ; however, the non-Gaussian distribution and the small number of individuals in the age groups > 60 years in our sample jeopardized the better comparison of coronary artery calcification between that age group and those immediately below and above it. Although the medians are greater, no statistical difference was observed in these values.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…This study was the first to describe the coronary artery calcium scores assessed on ultrafast tomography in a Brazilian population sample. Prior to it, descriptions of the coronary artery calcium scores existed only for populations in the USA 3,16,17 . The description of coronary artery calcium scores is necessary in our population, because it is not only the prevalence of coronary artery disease that differs in our country, but also its ethnic composition as cited previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribuição dos escores de cálcio coronariano determinados pela tomografia ultra-rápida em 2.253 homens brancos assintomáticos

Meneghelo¹,

Santos

Almeida

et al. 2003

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Meneghelo et al Ultrafast computer tomography in assymptomatic white menCoronary atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of death among us 1 . Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, and the identification of individuals at high risk for coronary events is extremely important, because preventive therapies, such as change in lifestyle and use of drugs, such as statins and acetylsalicylic acid, significantly reduce clinical events and mortality 2 . Classically, the risk stratification of coronary events has been performed through the analysis of a set of risk factors. However, epidemiological data have shown that approximately 25% of the individuals who died suddenly due to cardiac causes had no previous symptoms, and even the classical tools for assessing the risk of coronary events, such as the Framingham scores, have limitations in identifying high-risk individuals 3,4 . Approximately 50% of the coronary deaths and most myocardial infarctions occur in individuals considered at low to intermediate risk, according to clinical and laboratory parameters 3 . Therefore, assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis through imaging techniques may be useful for risk stratification, because evidence exists that the load of the atherosclerotic plaque correlates with the risk of coronary events [5][6] .Coronary artery calcification ( fig. 1), detected on ultrafast computed tomography or electron beam computed tomography, correlates with the load of the atherosclerotic plaque in histological, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound studies [7][8][9][10] . Ultrafast computed tomography is a noninvasive and very sensitive method to detect calcification in coronary arteries 7 . Evidence exists that the presence of coronary artery calcification on ultrafast computed tomography may be a risk marker of clinical events in coronary artery disease, independent of the risk factors for atherosclerosis [11][12][13][14] . Up to now, coronary artery calcium scores in the Brazilian population have not been reported.This study aimed at describing the distribution of coronary artery calcium scores in a population sample of asymptomatic white Brazilian men undergoing assessment on ultrafast computed tomography. 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years, and >65 years. Objective -To describe the distribution of coronary artery calcium scores in a population of asymptomatic white Brazilian men undergoing assessment with ultrafast computed tomography. Methods - Results -

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“…17 A high CAC score is observed in patients with documented CAD 18 and is closely related to age; its prevalence increases dramatically after age 50 years in males. 19 Therefore, the age of 50 years was assigned as the cutoff value in this study. The association of total bilirubin with CAC score was represented by ≤100, 302 Clin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Relation of Total Serum Bilirubin to Coronary Artery Calcification Score Detected by Multidetector Computed Tomography in Males

Zhang

Bian

Kim

et al. 2012

Clinical Cardiology

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Background:Serum total bilirubin has been suggested to have potential anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the vasculature, acting against plaque formation and subsequent atherosclerosis. This study was designed to assess the association of serum total bilirubin with coronary artery calcification (CAC).Hypothesis:Individuals with higher bilirubin level would be less likely to develop CAC.Methods:Male subjects (N = 3408) underwent evaluation of CAC by cardiac computed tomography. Correlation and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the relationships between CAC score and other variables.Results:Subjects with a higher CAC score had significantly lower total bilirubin level (P = 0.001). Total bilirubin level was negatively correlated with CAC score (r = −0.052, P = 0.002). A 0.1‐mg/dL increase in bilirubin was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) of the risk by 29.2% for a CAC score above 100 (OR: 0.708, 95% confidence interval: 0.542‐0.927, P = 0.012) after adjustment for several variables. Bilirubin was inversely correlated with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = −0.117, P < 0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrated an independent inverse association between serum total bilirubin and CAC score in males. Low serum bilirubin concentration would be useful as a potential risk factor for CAC in males. Additionally, reduced hsCRP may be 1 of the mechanisms for how bilirubin reduces CAC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.Zheng‐Yun Zhang, MD, and Lu‐Qin Bian, MD, contributed equally to this work.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults

Cited by 390 publications

References 23 publications

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

Distribuição dos escores de cálcio coronariano determinados pela tomografia ultra-rápida em 2.253 homens brancos assintomáticos

Inverse Relation of Total Serum Bilirubin to Coronary Artery Calcification Score Detected by Multidetector Computed Tomography in Males

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