Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants.

Weidmann, Rebekka; Chopik, William J.; Ackerman, Robert A.; Allroggen, Marc; Bianchi, Emily C.; Brecheen, Courtney; Campbell, W. Keith; Gerlach, Tanja M.; Geukes, Katharina; Grijalva, Emily; Grossmann, Igor; Hopwood, Christopher J.; Hutteman, Roos; Konrath, Sara; Küfner, Albrecht C. P.; Leckelt, Marius; Miller, Joshua D.; Penke, Lars; Pincus, Aaron L.; Renner, Karl–Heinz; Richter, David; Roberts, Brent W.; Sibley, Chris G.; Simms, Leonard J.; Wetzel, Eunike; Wright, Aidan G.C.; Back, Mitja D.

doi:10.1037/pspp0000463

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…This is consistent with the findings of Grijalva et al (2015), who showed that men are more likely to exploit others and believe in their exceptionality to gain advantages 16 . Weidmann et al also showed higher values for men in their meta-analysis 24 . Women therefore show fewer socially incompatible characteristics when interacting with others, which would underpin the success of women in this profession, but at the same time also provides an indication of why they are unwilling or unable to compete with their male colleagues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This is in line with our results. In their cross-sectional analyses with a total sample of 270,029 participants, Weidmann et al showed that there are consistent linear age effects, with narcissism being most prevalent in young adults 24 . The observed decrease in narcissism scores with age may also be influenced by higher qualifications typically attained by older individuals in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring grandiose narcissism among surgeons: a comparative analysis

Moellmann,

Rana,

Daseking

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The concept of narcissism encompasses various personality traits, including cognitive, emotional and behavioural characteristics, which often lead to difficulties in maintaining a healthy self-esteem. This study examines the prevalence of narcissism traits (Admiration and Rivalry) in the surgical profession and their association with age, gender and professional experience. A total of 1390 participants (408 women, 982 men) took part in an online survey. The results show that female participants have significantly lower levels of rivalry than male colleagues. Additionally, age was found to be inversely correlated with both facets of narcissism, demonstrating that levels of narcissism decrease as age increases. Participants who are still in education tend to show higher levels of both facets. These results improve our understanding of personality traits in surgery and provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring grandiose narcissism among surgeons: a comparative analysis

Moellmann,

Rana,

Daseking

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In addition, both samples were mostly female and from Germany. Given potential gender (Weidmann et al, 2023) and cross-cultural differences in narcissism (Fatfouta et al, 2021; Wetzel et al, 2021), future work should investigate whether our findings apply to more heterogeneous samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic status pursuit in everyday social life: A within-person process approach to the behavioral and emotional dynamics of narcissism.

Kroencke

Kuper

Mota

et al. 2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Status pursuit has been emphasized as a key motivational factor underlying narcissism, but research has just begun to unravel the processes by which more narcissistic individuals pursue status in their everyday social interactions. In this article, we combine process models of narcissistic status pursuit with three-factor models of narcissism to test whether different aspects of narcissism (i.e., agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism) can be characterized by stronger reactivity to different kinds of status perceptions (i.e., the perceived assignment of status, attack on status, and neglect of status). Using data from two experience sampling studies, one involving college students (N participants = 285; N observations = 18,036) and one in the general population (N participants = 1,177; N observations = 36,074), we first found that the perceived assignment of status, attack on status, and neglect of status were related to status-relevant behaviors (i.e., expressive, combative, and avoidant behaviors) and emotions (e.g., pride, anger, and shame) within persons on average. Next, we found that both mean levels of perceptual, behavioral, and emotional states and status contingencies (i.e., the within-person relationships of status perceptions with behavioral and emotional states) varied considerably across individuals and that these individual differences were reliable and stable across time. Last, we found some associations between trait levels of agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism and individual differences in mean levels as well as status-emotion contingencies. Our findings emphasize the multifaceted and status-driven nature of narcissism and support the use of theoretically derived contingencies as more dynamic aspects of personality.

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“…There is debate about the precise nature of the three dimensions and how best to measure them, with the Narcissism Spectrum Model emphasizing entitlement and the trifurcated model emphasizing antagonism. Furthermore, dimension-specific measures of the three dimensions are yet to be developed, with researchers instead relying on existing measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism (Weidmann et al, 2023), or the Big Five personality measures of neuroticism and agreeableness (Kroencke et al, 2023) to assess them. Accordingly, the current article focused on the two-factor narcissism model.…”

Section: Caveats Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the Narcissism Spectrum Model (Krizan & Herlache, 2018) and the trifurcated model of narcissism (Weiss et al., 2019), which posit that narcissism reflects three broad dimensions: grandiosity or agentic extraversion, vulnerability or narcissistic neuroticism, and entitlement or antagonism, respectively. However, whereas the two‐factor model has considerable theoretical and empirical support in both the social and personality psychology and the clinical psychology literatures (Cain et al., 2008; Wink, 1991), the three‐factor models are newer and have less theoretical and empirical support (Weidmann et al., 2023). There is debate about the precise nature of the three dimensions and how best to measure them, with the Narcissism Spectrum Model emphasizing entitlement and the trifurcated model emphasizing antagonism.…”

Section: Caveats Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as alternative status‐seeking strategies: Insights from hierometer theory

Mahadevan

2024

Social & Personality Psych

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Theory and research support a distinction between two forms of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. People high in grandiose narcissism are arrogant, extraverted, and authoritative, whereas people high in vulnerable narcissism are insecure, introverted, and diffident. I propose that a useful approach to understanding these two forms of narcissism is to view them through a socio‐evolutionary lens. Guided by evolutionary adaptationist models of rank and, more specifically, by hierometer theory, I put forward a novel theoretical account of both forms of narcissism and examine contemporary research in light of it. Specifically, I conceptualize grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as two alternative status‐seeking strategies. Whereas grandiose narcissism appears to operate as a status‐promoting “hawk” strategy, vulnerable narcissism appears to operate as a status‐protecting “dove” strategy. This parsimonious and functional account of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism sheds light on their similarities and differences, explains disparate and seemingly contradictory findings in the literature, and informs a better understanding of the paradoxical nature of narcissism.

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Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants.

Cited by 19 publications

References 136 publications

Exploring grandiose narcissism among surgeons: a comparative analysis

Exploring grandiose narcissism among surgeons: a comparative analysis

Narcissistic status pursuit in everyday social life: A within-person process approach to the behavioral and emotional dynamics of narcissism.

Conceptualizing grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as alternative status‐seeking strategies: Insights from hierometer theory

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