Age and gender differences in Clostridium difficile-related hospitalization trends in Madrid (Spain) over a 12-year period

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze temporal trends by gender and age in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)-related hospitalization rates in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) over a 12-year period. A population-based cross-sectional study of all hospital admissions with a CDI diagnosis from 2003 to 2014 was carried out. Annual age-specific hospitalization rates were calculated by gender. All the analyses were performed separately for total hospitalizations and hospitalizations with CDI as the primary diagnosis. Joinpoint regression models were used to analyze time trends. A total of 13,526 hospital discharges were identified (26.8 % with CDI as the primary diagnosis). In both sexes, a gradient in age-specific rates was observed, ranging in 2014 from 5.92 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in patients <15 years of age to 378.96 in patients ≥85 years of age. Since 2009, in the age group of 15-44 years, both men and women presented an increasing trend of around 18 %. A significantly increasing trend was detected in women of age 45-84 years, with an estimated annual percentage of change of 7.6 % in the age group of 45-64 years, and rounding with 4.5 % in the age group of 65-84 years. In men of age 45-64 years, the average annual percentage of increase was 4.7 %, and it was 21.1 % between 2010 and 2014 in the age group of 65-74 years. No trends were identified in the 85 years and over age group. Surveillance methods to assess trends by age group should be implemented. Preventive and therapeutic initiatives should remain a priority.

Incidence and in-hospital outcomes ofClostridium difficileinfection among type 2 diabetes patients in Spain

“…Many of the identified risk factors for CDI in our study are similar to known risk factors for CDI in general populations . As in other studies conducted on hospitalised patients, the population of CDI patients with T2DM was predominantly female, had higher number of simultaneous comorbidities and CDI disproportionately affected older patients …”

Impact of Clostridioides difficile infection on the outcome of patients receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…The study population was well-balanced regarding baseline characteristics (year of transplantation, age, distribution of disease-specific prognostic factors, and comorbidity scores) in both main subgroups except for more female patients suffering from CDI in the auto-HSCT cohort (64.3% vs. 31.6%). Indeed, a large Spanish study suggests a higher increase of CDI in hospitalized female patients compared to men of the same age (Esteban-Vasallo et al, 2016). However, in the allo-HSCT cohort, the distribution of sex was similar in both CDI and NCDI groups; in agreement, several studies of hematological patients suggested no sex differences (Alonso et al, 2013;Bilgrami et al, 1999;Scappaticci et al, 2017;Trifilio et al, 2013).…”

Distribution of Clostridium Difficile Ribotypes in Macedonian Patients and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility

“…Older age in patients is a statistically significant risk factor for C. difficile infection (p < 0.05). The isolation rate of Clostridium difficile was not statistically different between male and female patients (p > 0.05), which is consistent with many other studies [14]. Clostridium difficile infection was identified at all clinics included in the study.…”