Age- and Diabetes-Related Changes in the Free Fatty Acid Composition of the Human Stratum Corneum

Abstract

Of particular importance for Stratum corneum (SC) lipids are the free fatty acids (FFAs). Age-related changes of the SC structure lead to diminished capacity for barrier compensation. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to identify even-numbered especially odd-numbered FFAs within the intercorneocytic lamellar lipid structures of the SC and to explore age- and diabetes-related changes in FFAs. Gas chromatography – flame ionisation detection was used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess FFAs extracted from the SC. 110 subjects aged over 60 years (elderly/healthy), 110 subjects aged 18–40 (young/healthy) and 38 subjects with diabetes mellitus aged 18–40 (young/diabetic) were investigated. Overall, odd-numbered FFAs comprised about 21, 23 and 24% of total FFAs in subgroups elderly/healthy, young/healthy and young/diabetic. The most abundant short-chain FFAs were C16: 0 and C18: 0 and long-chain FFAs were C24: 0 and C26: 0. Only levels of C15: 0 and C17: 0 decreased with age. In contrast, levels of C18: 2 and C19 were significantly decreased and levels of C15, C17, C18: 1 and C23 were significantly increased in young diabetic subjects. In general, compared with younger healthy subjects, FFA composition was only partly significantly altered in older healthy subjects but was significantly altered in younger diabetic subjects.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics reveals Huangqiliuyi decoction attenuates abnormal metabolism as a novel therapeutic opportunity for type 2 diabetes

“…It has been found that the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and skeletal muscle phospholipids can affect insulin sensitivity in elderly diabetic patients, which further confirms the relationship between lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 94 In our investigation, HQLYD had an intense influence on glycerophospholipids, such as PC and PE, which were observably elevated in the model rats. PC and PE as the glycerophospholipids with the highest contents in mammals are vital elements in biomemebranes and transport the majority of membrane lipids within cells.…”

In vivo Tracking of DNA for Precise Determination of the Stratum Corneum Thickness and Superficial Microbiome Using Confocal Raman Microscopy

“…epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis [2], and the skin barrier function is mostly ensured by the stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the epidermis [3][4][5][6]. The SC consists of 10−20 layers of corneocytes, which are enucleated flattened cells embedded in lipid lamellar regions [7][8][9]. The SC thickness is determined as the distance from the skin surface to the boundary between the SC and the stratum granulosum (SG) [10]; it varies according to the area and individual.…”

Manifestaciones dermatológicas de la diabetes: clasificación y diagnóstico

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