Age and depression: Unique and shared effects.

Lewinsohn, Peter M.; Rohde, Paul; Seeley, John R.; Fischer, Scott A.

doi:10.1037//0882-7974.6.2.247

Cited by 30 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…The physiological degeneration that occurs in older adults is associated with depression. It has been shown that decrements in neurological and psycho-physiological functions are closely related to aging [ 33 ]. Recent studies have shown that depression is associated with pain in older adults [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of vitamin D deficiency, age and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis

Mo¹,

Zhang²,

Huo³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Depression is an important public health burden, its risk of occurrence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and may also increase with age, while serum vitamin D levels are closely related to age. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D and age are associated with depression after adjustment for each other. Materials and methods We extracted data from NHANES 2013–2018, including demographic characteristics, depression level, vitamin D level, physical activity, and body measures. A total of 15,156 adults aged 20 years or older (mean age 49.81 ± 17.67 years, 7301 males and 7855 females) were included. Depression was screened by PHQ-9. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by a serum vitamin D level < 30nmol/L. We performed binary logistic regression models to analyze the association between vitamin D, age and depression, respectively. Results Vitamin D levels were negatively associated with depression (P < 0.001). Vitamin D had a significant effect on depression (OR = 0.776, 95%CI: 0.682–0.884, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.663–0.874, P < 0.001). Age was positively associated with depression (P < 0.001) and had a significant effect on depression (OR = 1.079, 98%CI: 1.032–1.128, P = 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.092, 95%CI: 1.040–1.146, P < 0.001). Age and vitamin D levels were positively correlated (P < 0.001), and older age had a significant effect on vitamin D level (OR = 1.526, 95%CI: 1.416–1.645, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.263–1.487, P < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of depression was higher in females (2312/7855, 29.43%) than in males (1571/7301, 21.52%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and older age are both associated with higher risk of depression, while older age is a protective factor for vitamin D deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of vitamin D deficiency, age and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis

Mo¹,

Zhang²,

Huo³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Grief in Children and Adolescents Bereaved by Sudden Parental Death

Melhem

Porta

Shamseddeen

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

187

177

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Context There have been major advances in our understanding of the phenomenology and course of grief in adults. However, little is known about the course of grief in children. Objective We report on course and impact of children’s grief reactions following parental sudden death on subsequent psychiatric and functional status. Design Longitudinal study of bereaved children and families with yearly comprehensive assessments up to three years after parental death. Setting Bereaved children and their surviving parents recruited through the coroners’ records and advertisement. Participants 182 parentally bereaved children between 7 and 18 years of age whose parent died from suicide, accident, or sudden natural deaths. Main Exposure Sudden parental death. Main Outcome Measures Grief, functional impairment, incident depression. Results There were 3 distinct trajectories of grief reactions with a group, consisting of 10.4% of the sample, with increased grief reactions that showed no change 33 months post-death. Youths with prolonged grief reactions had higher rates of previous personal history of depression. Prolonged grief made unique contribution to increased levels of functional impairment even after controlling for clinical characteristics antecedent and following the death. Conversely, prolonged grief, both in youths and the surviving caregiver, predisposed to an increased hazard of incident depression. Another group (30%) showed increased grief reactions 9 months following the death, which gradually decreased over time. Despite this, grief reactions in this group were also associated with functional impairment and increased risk of incident depression. Conclusions Grief reactions abate over time for most children bereaved by sudden parental death; however, a subset show increased or prolonged grief reactions, which in turn increases the risk for functional impairment and depression. Research on interventions designed to relieve the burden of grief in bereaved children are needed. Such efforts should also assess and address grief reactions in the surviving parent.

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