Age and Cognitive Stress Influences Motor Skill Acquisition, Consolidation, and Dual-Task Effect in Humans

Cole, Keith R.; Shields, Richard K.

doi:10.1080/00222895.2018.1547893

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…It is important to consider that knee injury is often the result of multi-planar forces [3,22], thus, caution should be used when drawing inference about injury from the sagittal plane SLS task. Additionally, the flexed trunk condition may have created a dual-task challenge (tracking the target signal while listening for an audio cue), resulting in greater difficulty of the task [43]. Future work may consider the relationship between cognition, feedforward, and feedback control surrounding unexpected perturbations or attempt to minimize the dual-task aspect of the test.…”

Section: Study Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk Angle Modulates Feedforward and Feedback Control during Single-Limb Squatting

Johnson

Nozu

Shields

2021

JFMK

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Trunk positioning and unexpected perturbations are high-risk conditions at the time of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The influence of trunk positioning on motor control responses to perturbation during dynamic performance is not known. We tested the influence of trunk position on feedforward and feedback control during unexpected perturbations while performing a novel single-limb squatting task. We also assessed the degree that feedforward control was predictive of feedback responses. In the flexed trunk condition, there were increased quadriceps (p < 0.026) and gluteus medius long-latency reflexes (p < 0.001) and greater quadriceps-to-hamstrings co-contraction during feedforward (p = 0.017) and feedback (p = 0.007) time bins. Soleus long-latency reflexes increased more than 100% from feedforward muscle activity regardless of trunk condition. Feedforward muscle activity differentially predicted long-latency reflex responses depending on the muscle (R2: 0.47–0.97). These findings support the concept that trunk positioning influences motor control responses to perturbation and that feedback responses may be invariant to the feedforward control strategy.

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Section: Study Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk Angle Modulates Feedforward and Feedback Control during Single-Limb Squatting

Johnson

Nozu

Shields

2021

JFMK

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“…In the present study, we examined adaptations in trans‐cortical reflexes in a way that replicated a realistic motor challenge; an unexpected perturbation that caused knee buckling. We have previously used this test paradigm to characterize motor responses in healthy subjects, patients with neurologic disease, elders at risk of falls, and as part of a dual‐task cognitive challenge …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase III of the experiment (Supporting Information Figure S1C) consisted of movement performance testing designed to examine trans‐cortical sensorimotor reflex pathways (trans‐cortical LLRs). The study used a well‐validated functional weight‐bearing task that elicits LLRs after unexpected perturbations in single limb stance . Subjects stood with the right knee positioned against a padded plate that moved horizontally on a rack and pinion system .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 alters muscle twitch properties, spinal reflexes, and perturbation‐induced trans‐cortical reflexes

et al. 2019

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Background: Neurophysiologic biomarkers are needed for clinical trials of therapies for myotonic dystrophy (DM1). We characterized muscle properties, spinal reflexes (H-reflexes), and trans-cortical long-latency reflexes (LLRs) in a cohort with mild/ moderate DM1. Methods: Twenty-four people with DM1 and 25 matched controls underwent assessment of tibial nerve H-reflexes and soleus muscle twitch properties. Quadriceps LLRs were elicited by delivering an unexpected perturbation during a single-limb squat (SLS) visuomotor tracking task. Results: DM1 was associated with decreased H-reflex depression. The efficacy of doublet stimulation was enhanced, yielding an elevated double-single twitch ratio. DM1 participants demonstrated greater error during the SLS task. DM1 individuals with the least-robust LLR responses showed the greatest loss of spinal H-reflex depression. Conclusions: DM1 is associated with abnormalities of muscle twitch properties. Cooccurring alterations of spinal and trans-cortical reflex properties underscore the central nervous system manifestations of this disorder and may assist in gauging efficacy during clinical trials. K E Y W O R D S excitation-contraction coupling, homosynaptic depression, H-reflex, long-latency reflex, muscle plasticity, perturbation

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“…Subsequent studies revealed that although different psychological activities could commonly activate the HPA axis, the phenotypes and mechanisms of corresponding stress were different from each other. Therefore, psychological stress was further classified into four main types according to specific functions (Table 2), that is, emotional stress [18], cognitive stress [19], perceptual stress [20], and psychosocial stress [21], and each type was sometimes further classified according to specific psychological stressors or stimuli, such as social defeat stress [21,22], post-traumatic stress [23][24][25], and pandemic stress [26,27]. Unlike psychological stress, which is mainly system stress, physiological stress includes both system stress and local stress.…”

Section: Extension and Specificity Of The Concept Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system

Wei²,

Li³

2021

CST

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Stress is a central concept in biology and has now been widely used in psychological, physiological, social, and even environmental fields. However, the concept of stress was cross-utilized to refer to different elements of the stress system including stressful stimulus, stressor, stress response, and stress effect. Here, we summarized the evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. We find although the concept of stress is developed from Selye’s “general adaptation syndrome”, it has now expanded and evolved significantly. Stress is now defined as a state of homeostasis being challenged, including both system stress and local stress. A specific stressor may potentially bring about specific local stress, while the intensity of stress beyond a threshold may commonly activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in a systematic stress response. The framework of the stress system indicates that stress includes three types: sustress (inadequate stress), eustress (good stress), and distress (bad stress). Both sustress and distress might impair normal physiological functions and even lead to pathological conditions, while eustress might benefit health through hormesis-induced optimization of homeostasis. Therefore, an optimal stress level is essential for building biological shields to guarantee normal life processes.

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Age and Cognitive Stress Influences Motor Skill Acquisition, Consolidation, and Dual-Task Effect in Humans

Cited by 15 publications

References 85 publications

Trunk Angle Modulates Feedforward and Feedback Control during Single-Limb Squatting

Trunk Angle Modulates Feedforward and Feedback Control during Single-Limb Squatting

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 alters muscle twitch properties, spinal reflexes, and perturbation‐induced trans‐cortical reflexes

The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system

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