Age and body surface area dependency of mitral valve and papillary apparatus parameters: assessment by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

Abstract

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography-derived MV annular, tenting, and papillary muscle parameters vary widely in normal subjects. When used clinically, normal values of parameters that are age- and/or BSA-dependent need to be adjusted accordingly.

Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values

“…There are sufficient data for 3D RV volumes, particularly those deriving from a study of Maffesanti and colleagues (82), including 507 healthy subjects. Data for the mitral valve are limited and different parameters have been evaluated by various authors (45,47). 3D data of aortic parameters are also very limited (54)(55)(56).…”

“…In particular, four major multi-center studies (the Normal Reference Range for Echocardiography-NORRE-European, The Japanese Normal Values for Echocardiographic Measurement Project-JAMP, The Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Chinese Adults-Eminca, and The Normal Echocardiographic Measurements in a Korean population-NORMAL-trials) are currently ongoing and normative data for many 2D and a few 3D parameters have been published (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)52). Contemporary, different centers addressed the need of having normative data for new parameters coming from 3D echocardiography (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58) and deformation analysis . At present there is a big amount of echocardiographic normative data , but these data remain fragmentary and at times , difficult to find and time consuming .…”

Tricuspid Annular Dynamics Before and After Tricuspid Annuloplasty – Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography –

“…Application of this novel system has been described for assessment of mitral annulus geometry in previous reports. 21 Briefly, each apical 3D-TEE full-volume image was cropped into 18 apical 2-D planes spaced at 10° apart. A mid-systolic or mid-diastolic image was selected for assessment of tricuspid annulus geometry.…”

Quantification of mitral valve apparatus by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: in vitro validation study comparing two different analysis systems

“…In addition, two commercially available software systems, Real View Ò (Y.D., Nara, Japan) and MVQ Ò (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA), were developed for quantitation of mitral leaflet and annulus geometry based on 3DTEE. Real View Ò was originally designed for quantitative measurement using 3DTTE [14,15,[18][19][20][21][22]. Okahashi et al [23] verified the accuracy of measurements of annuloplasty rings and phantom models by 3DTTE utilizing Real View Ò .…”