AGC of a multi area gas-thermal system using firefly optimized IDF controller

Saikia, Lalit Chandra; Chowdhury, Ankur; Shakya, Narul; Shukla, Shivam; Soni, Priyanka

doi:10.1109/indcon.2013.6725998

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, several newly proposed soft computing algorithms have been developed for LFC problem in both conventional and modern power systems. For instance, differential evolution (DE) algorithm [170,[276][277][278][279], firefly algorithm (FA) [173,280,281], bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) [282,283], artificial bee colony (ABC) [174,284], bat inspired algorithm (BIA) [285][286][287], quasi oppositional (QO) [54], quasi-oppositional harmony search (QOHS) algorithm [288,289], teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) [290], cuckoo search (CS) algorithm [291,292], seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) [293], hybrid Local Unimodal Sampling and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (LUSTLBO) algorithm [178], grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm [294], and wind driven optimization algorithm [295] have been applied to LFC in interconnected power systems. Other evolutionary computing algorithms applied to LFC can be found in Table 3.…”

Section: Soft Computing Based Control Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.Energies 2018, 11, 2497 2 of 35 before triggering the under/over frequency protection relays. The primary frequency control is usually implemented by the governor droop which results in steady stated errors. The secondary frequency control, which is called load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC), is responsible for regulating the frequency in power systems and has two main goals: (i) maintaining the frequency into a desirable range; and (ii) controlling the interchange power through major tie-lines between the different control areas. The main task of tertiary control level is re-dispatching generating units and ancillary reserve after a sever disturbance.With increasing the penetration level of renewable resources such as wind farms and photovoltaic plants in power systems, the uncertainties of active power production is highly increased, thus determining frequency variations. Such increase in active power fluctuation, beside the demand stochasticity, the frequency of power system would be highly oscillated. Therefore, future power systems need more robust and optimal LFC approaches that can handle such problems.Many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in interconnected power systems. These approaches can be categorized into four groups: (i) classical control approaches focus on designing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for controlling the frequency and tie-lines power flows; (ii) modern control approaches including optimal control method, sliding mode control schemes, and adaptive control systems; (iii) intelligent control schemes, such as fuzzy control systems; and (iv) soft computing-based approaches for controllers' parameter tuning which had a considerable attention from researchers in the last decade. Survey MethodologySeveral methodologies can be followed for conduc...

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Section: Soft Computing Based Control Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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“…Rahman et al [11] demonstrated the dish-stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) by considering fixed and random solar insolation each at a time in a multi-area thermal system. Authors in [12,13] presented the idea of gas thermal systems by including gas systems in AGC with thermal systems. The conventional PTSTP and DSTS systems are well equipped with technologies which are connected with squirrel-cage induction generators (SCIGs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the study on AGC is mainly focused on the implementation of secondary controllers. Many controllers [26][27][28] like integer order (IO) controllers [4,5], fractional order (FO) controllers [12,29,30], cascade controllers [12,13], higher degree of freedom controllers [11,31], intelligent controllers [32,33] etc. are extensively used as secondary controllers in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Automatic generation control of a solar thermal and dish‐stirling solar thermal system integrated multi‐area system incorporating accurate HVDC link model using crow search algorithm optimised FOPI Minus FODF controller

Babu

Saikia

2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This article demonstrates the automatic generation control of a multi-area system incorporating various sources. Area-1 and area-2 consist of thermal and parabolic trough solar thermal plant (PTSTP) of fixed and random solar insolation, respectively, and area-3 comprises of thermal and realistic dish-stirling solar thermal system units. A maiden effort has been made to use a fractional order (FO) proportional-integral minus FO derivative with filter coefficient (FOPI-FODF) controller as a secondary controller. The controller gains are optimised using a novel algorithm called crow search algorithm. Comparisons of system dynamic response with and without renewable energy sources for FOPI-FODF, and for some commonly used integer order and FO controller's reveals the better performance of FOPI-FODF controller. A study comparing both fixed and random solar insolation in PTSTP of different areas have been tested. An accurate high-voltage direct current (AHVDC) line model is designed using inertia emulation strategy and is placed instead of AC tie line, and with parallel AC tie lines resulting in better system dynamic performances than AC tie line alone. The selection of the optimum location of AHVDC line in parallel AC tie line exposes the AHVDC line connected with the area where the system is disturbed.

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“…Most of the work in AGC is done considering a single type of controllers in all areas. A very few literature give the idea of using a combination of controllers in the study of AGC under conventional environment. Thus, this can be explored in the present work of restructured AGC system by using the IDN‐FOPD controller in 1 particular area and other IO controllers I, PI, and PIDN in other areas one at a time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy source-based multiarea AGC system with integration of EV utilizing cascade controller considering time delay

Saha

Saikia

2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Automatic generation control of the unequal 3‐area system with diversified sources like small hydrothermal units in area‐1 and area‐2 and split shaft gas turbine thermal units in area‐3 with nonlinearity of generation rate constraint is explored. A cascade combination of integer order integral‐derivative with filter (IDN) and fractional order proportional derivative (FOPD) is considered as a secondary controller (IDN‐FOPD). The controller gains and other parameters are optimized using whale optimization algorithm. The performance of IDN‐FOPD controller has an upper hand when compared with some classical controllers like integral, proportional‐integral, and proportional‐integral‐derivative with filter (PIDN). Analyses reveal that the performance of a combination of IDN‐FOPD in area‐1 and PIDN controllers in other areas of system dynamics provides comparable results with IDN‐FOPD controllers in all areas. Thus, this combination of controllers is carried for further analyses. Even eigenvalue analysis has been performed for analyzing system stability. The impact of time delay on system dynamics is also studied. The impact of the inclusion of renewable source like a solar thermal power plant in area‐1 and electric vehicles in all areas provides better system dynamics in the presence of nonlinearity generation rate constraint and time delay. Sensitivity analysis reveals that controller gains and other parameters obtained at nominal conditions are robust to changes in variable solar insolation and demands no further reset.

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AGC of a multi area gas-thermal system using firefly optimized IDF controller

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Automatic generation control of a solar thermal and dish‐stirling solar thermal system integrated multi‐area system incorporating accurate HVDC link model using crow search algorithm optimised FOPI Minus FODF controller

Renewable energy source-based multiarea AGC system with integration of EV utilizing cascade controller considering time delay

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