“…In the latter, such politics pits conservative or royalist city dwellers in Bangkok against the countryside, often relying on romanticised and depoliticised and therefore disempowering representations of the peasant and the countryside to do so, as in the case of the "sufficiency economy" (see Connors 2003;Glassman 2001;Hewison 2008). Unlike in Thailand, voters in the South Korean capital city of Seoul tend to vote liberal-left while rural areas, especially the south-eastern province of Kyŏngsang-do, more often vote for the conservatives, with the exception of the southwest which tends to vote liberal-left, and thus gets its own chongbuk-style smear such as Cholla-do bbalgaengi, linking the term bbalgaengi (red or communist) to the name of the south-western province (Lee, Jan, and, Wainwright 2014). Furthermore, post-democratic politics in Thailand does not use anti-communist discourse in the name of public security as much as it uses the royalist discourse of lèse-majesté to silence popular, egalitarian forces.…”