“…The presence of the C 1s peak was ascribed to adventitious carbon as the reference for calibration. 16,18 For the pristine Ag 2 S, the high-resolution Ag 3d spectrum had two individual peaks at 373.5 eV (Ag 3d 3/2 ) and 367.4 eV (Ag 3d 5/2 ) assigned to Ag + , 26 while the two peaks at 161.5 and 159.8 eV, corresponding to S 2p 1/2 and S 2p 3/2 , were due to S 2− in Ag 2 S. 27 Talking about the virgin Bi 2 SiO 5 , the highresolution Bi 4f spectrum had two peaks at eV (Bi 4f 5/2 ) and 159.2 eV (Bi 4f 7/2 ) with an energy gap of 5.3 eV assigned to Bi 3+ , 28 while the Si 2p spectrum exhibited a strong peak at 101.7 eV, which was characteristic of Si 4+ . 14 And the fitting of the O 1s spectrum showed four peaks at 532.5, 531.4, 530.3, and 529.0 eV, which were attributed to the surface-adsorbed oxygen (O ads ), defect oxygen (O v ), Bi−O, and Si−O, respectively.…”