Ag/SiO<sub>x</sub>C<sub>y</sub> plasma polymer coating for antimicrobial protection of fracture fixation devices

Khalilpour, Poroshat; Lampe, Kai; Wagener, Michael; Stigler, Brigitte; Heiß, Christian; Ullrich, Matthias S.; Domann, Eugen; Schnettler, Reinhard; Alt, Volker

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31641

Cited by 46 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, confining the silver nanoparticles to a thin layer buried inside the polymer matrix avoids their direct exposure to the physiological tissues, thus reducing the potential toxicity of the layer toward eukaryotic cells. 22 Importantly, the antibacterial activity, arising from the dissolution of Ag + ions, 13 is not impaired given the water permeability of the PP-HMDSO film. 21 Saulou et al showed the release of Ag + ions into deionized water from silver nanoparticles, which had been embedded in a plasma polymer matrix deposited from HMDSO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 In our PP100+Ag system, although the nanoparticles are not directly exposed to the outer coating's surface, dissolution and diffusion of silver ions out of the highly porous and water-permeable PP-HMDSO layer is readily possible. 21 Indeed, E. coli bacteria are not found to grow on the silver-containing layer.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The double PP/Ag/PP layer can be directly deposited on titanium implants, whose in vivo biocompatibility within soft tissues has been investigated in Ref. 13 .Building up on these previous results, in this article, we investigate the performances of a similar PP/Ag/PP-layered coating material (briefly, PP+Ag) toward the adhesion of bacteria and eukaryotic cells in vitro. In particular, besides HeLa cellular models, the adhesion behavior of fibroblasts and osteoblasts will be addressed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The double PP/Ag/PP layer can be directly deposited on titanium implants, whose in vivo biocompatibility within soft tissues has been investigated in Ref. 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental implants coated with a durable and antibacterial film

Vogel

Westphal

Salz

et al. 2015

Surface Innovations

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Dental implants coated with a durable and antibacterial film Vogel et al. embedded between two layers of PP by means of subsequent plasma polymerization and metal evaporation steps. The double PP/Ag/PP layer can be directly deposited on titanium implants, whose in vivo biocompatibility within soft tissues has been investigated in Ref. 13 .Building up on these previous results, in this article, we investigate the performances of a similar PP/Ag/PP-layered coating material (briefly, PP+Ag) toward the adhesion of bacteria and eukaryotic cells in vitro. In particular, besides HeLa cellular models, the adhesion behavior of fibroblasts and osteoblasts will be addressed. With respect to the original coating procedure, 12,13 physical vapor deposition is used instead of evaporation to deposit the silver nanoparticle layer. The advantage of the physical vapor deposition is a better control and reproducibility of the nanoparticle distribution and a lesser degree of nanoparticle agglomeration. We test the coating layer resistance to sterilization and implantation into bone tissue (Section 3.2), optimize the plasma deposition parameters to guarantee eukaryotic adhesion (Section 3.3) and check the successful bacterial deterrence of the coating in fluorescence microscopy images (Section 3.4). Materials and methods Plasma polymerization and layer formationThe plasma polymerization and deposition of silver nanoparticles are performed in the same plasma reactor chamber. A sample holder with rotating platforms is mounted inside a 125-liter vacuum chamber. The chamber comprises an electrode of rectangular shape and a silver target situated behind a shutter system. Gas inlets for the HMDSO precursor (Wacker, Munich, Germany), argon, oxygen and hydrogen (Linde AG, Pullach, Germany) and a pumping system are connected to the chamber walls. In this study, three different coating layers are investigated: (a) A 2000-nm-thick polymer coating without silver particles, which possesses cell-repelling properties (PP2000); (b) a 100-nm-thick coating without silver particles, which promotes eukaryotic adhesion (PP100) and (c) the same coating including silver nanoparticles to inhibit bacterial growth but not eukaryotic adhesion (PP100+Ag). The coating layers are produced as follows: After decreasing the chamber pressure below 10 −4 mbar, HMDSO and oxygen are injected to a working pressure of 10 −2 to 10 −3 mbar. Applying a power of 160 W for 120 s, the plasma is ignited, and a 50-nm-thick polymer preconditioning layer is formed. The 2000-nm-thick coating is prepared at 120 W and oxygen to HMDSO gas flow ratio of 1:2. On top of the preconditioning layer, either the plasma polymerization is carried on until the desired thickness is reached (e.g. 100 nm for PP100), or an intermediate layer of silver nanoparticles is deposited by applying a power of 200 W for 60 s between the silver target and the chamber walls.With this procedure, we coat sand-blasted and etched titanium dental implant screws (11·5-mm length, 5·5-mm diameter ) as well as titaniu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The double PP/Ag/PP layer can be directly deposited on titanium implants, whose in vivo biocompatibility within soft tissues has been investigated in Ref. 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dental implants coated with a durable and antibacterial film

Vogel

Westphal

Salz

et al. 2015

Surface Innovations

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“…Another investigation of the incorporation of silver into a silicone polymer coating for prostheses demonstrated significant activity in vitro and ex vivo against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [143]. Here, the silver-coated prostheses were explanted at various times and incubated with bacteria to test adherence.…”

Section: Orthopedic Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Silver in the Prevention and Treatment of Infections: Silver Review

Politano

Campbell

Rosenberger

et al. 2013

Surgical Infections

163

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Background: The use of silver for the treatment of various maladies or to prevent the transmission of infection dates back to at least 4000 b.c.e. Medical applications are documented in the literature throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The bactericidal activity of silver is well established. Silver nitrate was used topically throughout the 1800s for the treatment of burns, ulcerations, and infected wounds, and although its use declined after World War II and the advent of antibiotics, Fox revitalized its use in the form of silver sulfadiazine in 1968. Method: Review of the pertinent English-language literature. Results: Since Fox's work, the use of topical silver to reduce bacterial burden and promote healing has been investigated in the setting of chronic wounds and ulcers, post-operative incision dressings, blood and urinary catheter designs, endotracheal tubes, orthopedic devices, vascular prostheses, and the sewing ring of prosthetic heart valves. The beneficial effects of silver in reducing or preventing infection have been seen in the topical treatment of burns and chronic wounds and in its use as a coating for many medical devices. However, silver has been unsuccessful in certain applications, such as the Silzone heart valve. In other settings, such as orthopedic hardware coatings, its benefit remains unproved. Conclusion: Silver remains a reasonable addition to the armamentarium against infection and has relatively few side effects. However, one should weigh the benefits of silver-containing products against the known side effects and the other options available for the intended purpose when selecting the most appropriate therapy.

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