Ag-decorated monolithic carbon sponge with porous directional frameworks for chloride removal in flow-through capacitive deionization

Asymmetric Fe2+/Fe3+-Mediated Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for the Removal of Chloride Ions in Reclaimed Water

“…Figure S5b showed the survey of the samples, which showed a similar peak shape. The peaks of C 1s and O 1s were almost unchanged as seen in Figures S5c and S4d 3,19,50 The XPS results also demonstrated that AC was not oxidized. This stable operation of FCDI was attributed to the voltage drop across all components of the FCDI cell.…”

“…The peaks of C 1s and O 1s were almost unchanged as seen in Figures S5c and S4d. The distributions of the peaks in Figure S5c correspond to C–C, C–O, CO, and O–CO with binding energies of 284.8 eV, 286.28 eV, 288.68, and 290.58 eV, respectively. ,− The distribution of the peaks in Figure S5d corresponds to C–OH and CO with binding energies of 532.48 and 536.28 eV, respectively. ,, The XPS results also demonstrated that AC was not oxidized. This stable operation of FCDI was attributed to the voltage drop across all components of the FCDI cell .…”

“…2 Chloridecontaining reclaimed water is highly corrosive to pipelines or facilities and can affect the end use of reclaimed water used for agricultural irrigation and industrial purposes in terms of reduced crop yields, soil salinization, and equipment corrosion. 3,4 The removal of chloride ions from water is a challenging process due to their good solubility, small ionic radius, low charge, and nonbiodegradability. 5 Currently, electrodialysis, chemical precipitation, membrane separation, and electrochemical oxidation are effective techniques for the removal of chloride ions from water.…”

“…Chloride ions in reclaimed water come from a wide range of sources, such as domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and reagent additions (e.g., coagulants, disinfectants, and antifoulants) in wastewater treatment processes . Chloride-containing reclaimed water is highly corrosive to pipelines or facilities and can affect the end use of reclaimed water used for agricultural irrigation and industrial purposes in terms of reduced crop yields, soil salinization, and equipment corrosion. , …”