Ag+-catalyzed rearrangements. XIII. Mechanistic aspects of the silver(I)-promoted rearrangements of tricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptane derivatives. Deuterium isotope effect studies and independent generation of argento carbonium ions
Abstract:Kinetic deuterium isotope effects have been determined for the Ag+-catalyzed rearrangements of 1,7dideuterio-(lb), 1 -deuterio-7-methyl-(3b), and 1 -trideuteriomethyltricyclo[4.1.0.0 2'7]heptanes (8). Dideuterio analog la exhibited a faster rate of isomerization to 1,3-cycloheptadiene-2,3-d2 than its protio counterpart, thereby giving rise to an inverse fractionation factor (ks/kv = 0.847). A similar rearrangement of 3b revealed that the isomeric ethylidenecyclohexenes 4b and 5b as well as 2-methylcycloheptadi… Show more
“…1-Phenoxycyclohex-1-ene (107). To a stirred solution of cyclohex-2-en-1-ol (500 mg, 5.10 mmol), phenol ( 27 ) (590 mg, 6.27 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (1.638 g, 6.25 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at −20 °C was added dropwise diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.088 g, 6.25 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and the stirring continued for 4 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was extracted with hexane (3 × 20 mL).…”
The stable, readily available molybdenum(II) complexes [Mo(CO)(4)Br(2)](2) (B) and Mo(CO)(3)(MeCN)(2)(SnCl(3))Cl (C) have been found to catalyze C-C bond-forming allylic substitution with electron-rich aromatics (e.g., 15 + PhOMe --> 62) and heteroaromatics (e.g., 15 + 36 --> 88) as nucleophiles under mild conditions (room temperature, 30 min-3 h). Remarkable is the para-selectivity for anisole, whereas phenol tends to favor ortho-substitution in certain instances. Mechanistic and stereochemical experiments are indicative of Lewis-acid catalysis rather than a metal template-controlled process.
“…1-Phenoxycyclohex-1-ene (107). To a stirred solution of cyclohex-2-en-1-ol (500 mg, 5.10 mmol), phenol ( 27 ) (590 mg, 6.27 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (1.638 g, 6.25 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at −20 °C was added dropwise diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.088 g, 6.25 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and the stirring continued for 4 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was extracted with hexane (3 × 20 mL).…”
The stable, readily available molybdenum(II) complexes [Mo(CO)(4)Br(2)](2) (B) and Mo(CO)(3)(MeCN)(2)(SnCl(3))Cl (C) have been found to catalyze C-C bond-forming allylic substitution with electron-rich aromatics (e.g., 15 + PhOMe --> 62) and heteroaromatics (e.g., 15 + 36 --> 88) as nucleophiles under mild conditions (room temperature, 30 min-3 h). Remarkable is the para-selectivity for anisole, whereas phenol tends to favor ortho-substitution in certain instances. Mechanistic and stereochemical experiments are indicative of Lewis-acid catalysis rather than a metal template-controlled process.
“…From these observations, we hypothesized that (1) 7b was the 2,2-dimethyl-7-phenyl-1,6-enyne regioisomer of 7a resulting from transposition of the olefinc CH (C6) and CPh (C7) alkene carbon atoms and (2) silver was intimately involved in the scrambling process that led to formation of 7b . This latter hypothesis was influenced by the work of Paquette, who described the silver(I)-catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of bicyclo[4.1.0.0 2,7 ]heptanes to form a range of substitution-dependent products including bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptenes, and it appeared plausible that a similar reaction manifold might be accessed via interaction of silver with the bicyclo[3.2.0]heptene intermediate 3 or 5 .…”
Cycloaddition of
an isotopically labeled 7-phenyl-1,6-enyne catalyzed
by a mixture of LAuCl [L = P(t-Bu)2
o-biphenyl)] and AgSbF6 forms the corresponding
6-phenylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene with concomitant scrambling of the
olefinic CPh (C6) and CH (C7) groups of the product. The extent of
C6/C7 scrambling was sensitive to the nature of the silver salt and
was likewise observed in the cycloaddition of the 7-phenyl-1,6-enyne
catalyzed by mixtures of [LAuNCMe]+SbF6
– and Brønsted acids such as HOTf. These observations
and low-temperature NMR analysis of organic and organometallic intermediates
in the cycloaddition process were in accord with a mechanism for C6/C7
scrambling initiated by protonation of free bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-7-ene
to generate a bicyclo[3.2.0]heptyl cation that undergoes reversible
alkyl migration, presumably involving bicyclo[4.1.0]- and bicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl
cations prior to elimination of the C7 proton.
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