After the genome sequencing of duckweed – how to proceed with research on the fastest growing angiosperm?

Appenroth, Klaus‐J.; Crawford, Daniel J.; Les, Donald H.

doi:10.1111/plb.12248

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Lemnaceae. Its recognition as a family is in agreement with the general taxonomic rules as already discussed in detail in previous publications (Appenroth et al , , Sree et al , Bog et al ) and it has been advocated with several supporting evidences by Tippery and Les ().…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Key to the determination of taxa of Lemnaceae: an update

Bog

Appenroth

Sree

2020

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Species of Lemnaceae have a high potential for fast biomass production, and this is increasingly gaining attention among researchers in basic plant sciences as well as among entrepreneurs for feed, food and energy production. Hence, the correct identification of the species being used for different duckweed research and applications is becoming indispensable. Here, we present an updated identification key based on morphological markers to the currently accepted 36 species of duckweeds, considering all taxonomic revisions since the publication of the previous key by E. Landolt in 1986. We also provide supplementary morphological characterization and the geographical occurrence of each species of Lemnaceae.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Key to the determination of taxa of Lemnaceae: an update

Bog

Appenroth

Sree

2020

Nordic Journal of Botany

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“…Duckweeds constitute the family Lemnaceae Dumort. Although, it has been shown convincingly that Lemnaceae are very closely related to Araceae (Cusimano et al, 2011;Nauheimer et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2017), it has been further discussed that it is not necessary to integrate Lemnaceae into the family of Araceae (as subfamily Lemnoideae) and that this group can be treated in accordance with taxonomic rules as plant family, i.e., Lemnaceae Dumort (Appenroth et al, 2013(Appenroth et al, , 2015Bog et al, 2018, in press) (Figure 1). Based on the morphological markers, Landolt (1980Landolt ( , 1986 had categorized the family into two subfamilies, Wolffioideae (members devoid of roots) and Lemnoideae (members with varying numbers of roots).…”

Section: Plant Family and Categorization Into Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy

Bog

Appenroth

Sree

2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…They are comprised of five genera with 37 known species. Phylogenetically, duckweeds were considered as a subfamily (Lemnoideae) of the family Araceae (Cabrera et al, 2008;Cusimano et al, 2011;Nauheimer et al, 2012) but more recently proposed to be a separate family (Lemnaceae) with subfamilies of Lemnoideae and Wolffioideae (Les et al, 2002;Appenroth et al, 2015;Sree et al, 2016). Due to notable features of duckweeds such as their worldwide distribution (except in the Arctic and Antarctica), water surface habitat, fast growth rate and yielding up to 100 tons dry mass/hectare/year (Lam et al, 2014;Ziegler et al, 2015), the ability to remove contaminants from wastewater (Chaudhuri et al, 2014;Goswami et al, 2014;Teixeira et al, 2014), high quality and quantity of protein (Rusoff et al, 1980;Appenroth et al, 2017), and high starch content in some strains under particular growth conditions (Cui and Cheng, 2015;Sree et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2018), duckweeds are attractive as a new crop production platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating a high‐confidence reference genome map of the Greater Duckweed by integration of cytogenomic, optical mapping, and Oxford Nanopore technologies

et al. 2018

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Duckweeds are the fastest growing angiosperms and have the potential to become a new generation of sustainable crops. Although a seed plant, Spirodela polyrhiza clones rarely flower and multiply mainly through vegetative propagation. Whole-genome sequencing using different approaches and clones yielded two reference maps. One for clone 9509, supported in its assembly by optical mapping of single DNA molecules, and one for clone 7498, supported by cytogenetic assignment of 96 fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) to its 20 chromosomes. However, these maps differ in the composition of several individual chromosome models. We validated both maps further to resolve these differences and addressed whether they could be due to chromosome rearrangements in different clones. For this purpose, we applied sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mcFISH) to seven S. polyrhiza clones, using 106 BACs that were mapped onto the 39 pseudomolecules for clone 7498. Furthermore we integrated high-depth Oxford Nanopore (ON) sequence data for clone 9509 to validate and revise the previously assembled chromosome models. We found no major structural rearrangements between these seven clones, identified seven chimeric pseudomolecules and Illumina assembly errors in the previous maps, respectively. A new S. polyrhiza genome map with high contiguity was produced with the ON sequence data and genome-wide synteny analysis supported the occurrence of two Whole Genome Duplication events during its evolution. This work generated a high confidence genome map for S. polyrhiza at the chromosome scale, and illustrates the complementarity of independent approaches to produce whole-genome assemblies in the absence of a genetic map.

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After the genome sequencing of duckweed – how to proceed with research on the fastest growing angiosperm?

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Key to the determination of taxa of Lemnaceae: an update

Key to the determination of taxa of Lemnaceae: an update

Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its Molecular Taxonomy

Generating a high‐confidence reference genome map of the Greater Duckweed by integration of cytogenomic, optical mapping, and Oxford Nanopore technologies

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