After Hurricane Maria: Predisaster Conditions, Hurricane Damage, and Recovery Needs in Puerto Rico

Fischbach, Jordan R.; May, Linnea Warren; Whipkey, Katie; Shelton, Shoshana R.; Vaughan, Christine Anne; Tierney, Devin; Leuschner, Kristin J.; Meredith, Lisa S.; Peterson, Hilary

doi:10.7249/rr2595

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…An in-depth portrait of the conditions in Puerto Rico prior to Hurricane Maria is well beyond the scope of this article (for greater depth see Duany, 2017 ; Fischbach et al, 2020 ), but it is critical that we provide some basic background. Here we briefly describe some of island’s pre-hurricane challenges in terms of economics, social dynamics, and infrastructure, and lay out, in broad strokes, the general trends in emigration from Puerto Rico over the last few decades.…”

Section: Section Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 155 miles per hour and torrential rains that ravaged the United States (U.S.) territory. More than a quarter of a million homes were damaged or destroyed, literally millions were left without power or clean water, and an estimated 3,000 people lost their lives (Fischbach et al, 2020 ). For weeks on end, the world watched as Puerto Rico struggled to recover and—critically—as several hundred thousand Maria survivors boarded humanitarian flights and cruise ships and relocated to the U.S. mainland (Schachter & Bruce, 2020 ), with the majority settling in nearby Florida (Martín et al, 2020 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cultural Stress Theory in the Context of Family Crisis Migration: Implications for Behavioral Health with Illustrations from the Adelante Boricua Study

et al. 2021

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On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 155 miles per hour and torrential rains that ravaged the United States territory. In the midst of the crisis, several hundred thousand Maria survivors boarded humanitarian flights and cruise ships, seeking refuge on the United States mainland. More than three years later, tens of thousands of post-Maria migrants remain on the mainland as long-term emigres. In this article, we lay the theoretical/conceptual groundwork for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the experiences of post-Maria migrants. Specifically, we aim to assist readers in thinking deeply about: [1] why many Puerto Ricans relocated, [2] the experiences of post-Maria migrants en movimiento , and [3] how such experiences shape their lives, behavior, and well-being. In understanding the experiences of post-Maria migrants, several theories/constructs emerge as especially salient. These include “push and pull” models, cultural stress theory and its transnational variants, the concept of crisis migration, and models of cumulative risk. We provide a succinct overview of each of these theories/constructs and describe the broad perspectives that serve as a foundational or orienting paradigm for our work (i.e., the life course perspective, the strengths perspective, and an ecodevelopmental framework). Finally, we provide illustrations of how these theories/concepts apply to emerging data from the Adelante Boricua study, an ongoing research project with post-Maria migrant youth and their parents, supported by funding from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.

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Section: Section Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Cultural Stress Theory in the Context of Family Crisis Migration: Implications for Behavioral Health with Illustrations from the Adelante Boricua Study

et al. 2021

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“…1 This report summarizes the information gathering and analysis process that HSOAC used to support the government of Puerto Rico in its development of the recovery plan. The report describes how HSOAC produced a detailed damage and needs assessment (DNA) report and developed an array of potential courses of action (COAs) that Puerto Rico could pursue to repair damage from the hurricanes and address longer-term economic recovery needs (Fischbach et al, 2020). This report offers an overview of the core steps that HSOAC took to support plan development, explaining how the COAs were developed and how they were used in the plan development process, but this report does not address the specific COAs selected for the government of Puerto Rico's recovery plan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA provides an overview of prehurricane conditions, hurricane damage, posthurricane conditions from the time of writing in spring 2018, and the remaining recovery needs in Puerto Rico (Fischbach et al, 2020). The DNA describes these damages and needs, as of spring 2018, by sector and by key issues and needs that have cross-sector relevance.…”

Section: Damage and Needs Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Recovery Options for Puerto Rico's Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan: Process and Methodology

Burger¹,

Cook²,

Finucane³

et al. 2020

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On September 19 and 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria caused widespread destruction across the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Making landfall just two weeks after Hurricane Irma, Maria-a strong Category 4 storm-significantly damaged local infrastructure and interrupted the provision of essential and nonessential services. On September 20, 2017, President Donald Trump signed a major disaster declaration for Hurricane Maria (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2017) under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Pub. L. 1988). In the aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, FEMA has been working closely with the government of Puerto Rico and its municipalities; other federal agencies; private-sector entities; and voluntary, faith-based, and community organizations to stabilize Puerto Rico. Attention is now turning to the commonwealth's long-term recovery needs.

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“…1 , 2 , 3 The hurricane destroyed Puerto Rico’s electric grid, leading to one of the longest and most extensive power outages in US history 4 ; more than 200 days were required to restore power to most residents. 5 Rainfall of 15 to 20 inches brought catastrophic flooding across Puerto Rico 6 , 7 that interrupted water and sanitation services for approximately 50% of residents. 8 Years after the disaster, utility services remain unreliable in rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Migration and Mortality Among Patients With Kidney Failure in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria

et al. 2022

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ImportanceOn September 20, 2017, one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history made landfall in Puerto Rico. Anecdotal reports suggest that many persons with kidney failure left Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria; however, empirical estimates of migration and health outcomes for this population are scarce.ObjectiveTo assess the changes in migration and mortality among patients with kidney failure in need of dialysis treatment in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used an interrupted time-series design of 6-month mortality rates and migration of 11 652 patients who received hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis care in Puerto Rico before Hurricane Maria (before October 1, 2017) and/or during and after Hurricane Maria (on/after October 1, 2017). Data analyses were performed from February 12, 2019, to June 16, 2022..Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of unique persons dialyzed in Puerto Rico per quarter; receipt of dialysis treatment outside Puerto Rico per quarter; and 6-month mortality rate per person-quarter for all persons undergoing dialysis.ExposuresHurricane Maria.ResultsThe entire study sample comprised 11 652 unique persons (mean [SD] age, 59 [14.7] years; 7157 [61.6%] men and 4465 [38.4%] women; 10 675 [91.9%] Hispanic individuals). There were 9022 patients with kidney failure and dialysis treatment before and 5397 patients after Hurricane Maria. Before the hurricane, the mean quarterly number of unique persons dialyzed in Puerto Rico was 2834 per quarter (95% CI, 2771-2897); afterwards it dropped to 261 (95% CI, −348 to −175; relative change, 9.2%). The percentage of persons who had 1 or more dialysis sessions outside of Puerto Rico in the next quarter following a previous dialysis in Puerto Rico was 7.1% before Hurricane Maria (95% CI, 4.8 to 9.3). There was a significant increase of 5.8 percentage points immediately after the hurricane (95% CI, 2.7 to 9.0). The 6-month mortality rate per person-quarter was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.09), and there was a nonsignificant increase in level of mortality rates and a nonsignificant decreasing trend in mortality rates.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest there was a significant increase in the number of people receiving dialysis outside of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. However, no significant differences in mortality rates before and after the hurricane were found, which may reflect disaster emergency preparedness among dialysis facilities and the population with kidney failure, as well as efforts from other stakeholders.

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After Hurricane Maria: Predisaster Conditions, Hurricane Damage, and Recovery Needs in Puerto Rico

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Cultural Stress Theory in the Context of Family Crisis Migration: Implications for Behavioral Health with Illustrations from the Adelante Boricua Study

Cultural Stress Theory in the Context of Family Crisis Migration: Implications for Behavioral Health with Illustrations from the Adelante Boricua Study

Developing Recovery Options for Puerto Rico's Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan: Process and Methodology

Changes in Migration and Mortality Among Patients With Kidney Failure in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria

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